地球能量收支(英語:Earth's energy budget,也可寫為Earth's energy balance)指的是地球從太陽接收的能量與地球輻射回外太空的之間的平衡關係。較小的能量來源(例如地球的內部熱量)也被列入考慮,但與來自太陽的能量比較,相形見絀。能量收支也將能源如何在氣候系統中移動列入考慮。[2]:2227由於太陽對位於地球赤道熱帶地區的加熱程度高於對極地地區的,各地收到的太陽輻射並不均勻。當能量在地球上進行平衡作用時,就會驅動各氣候系統,包括水圈、冰凍圈、大氣層、岩石圈及生物圈,之間交互作用。[2]:2224而形成地球的氣候。
最近大氣中微量溫室氣體增加,增強溫室效應,因此產生正的ΔEG強迫。相較之下,大型火山爆發(例如菲律賓1991年皮納圖博火山爆發(英语:1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo)、1982年墨西哥埃爾奇瓊火山爆發)可將含硫化合物注入高層大氣。高濃度的硫氣膠可在平流層持續數年,對ΔEA產生負強迫影響。[34][35]各種其他類型的人為氣膠排放對ΔEA有正面和負面的影響。太陽週期產生的ΔEI的幅度小於近期人類活動所產生的ΔEG趨勢的幅度。[36][37]
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