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留声机(phonograph)亦称唱机(gramophone),是一種可以發出唱片所記錄声音机器

愛迪生圓筒式留聲機,約1899 年
湯瑪斯·愛迪生與他所發明的早期留聲機

其聲音儲存在以聲學方法在黑膠唱片平面上刻出的弧形刻槽內。聲音振動波形以雕刻、蝕刻、切割或壓印到旋轉圓柱或盤的表面的溝槽裏,稱為“記錄”。為了重新創造聲音,旋轉表面,使用針頭跟踪凹槽並因此被它振動,可以非常微弱地再現所記錄的聲音。在早期的聲學留聲機中,針頭振動了一個振膜,振膜產生的聲波通過喇叭,或通過聽診器式耳機直接傳播到聽眾的耳朵。

1857年法国发明家斯科特(Scott)发明了声波振记器,并于1857年3月25日取得专利,是最早的原始录音机,是留声机的鼻祖。

1877年美國發明家爱迪生对留声机进行了重大改进。而第一個使用唱片的留聲機於1888年由德裔美國發明家贝利纳首先演示。唱片後來逐漸取代了筒式留聲機,因為唱片能比較方便地大量複製,播放時間也比大多數筒形錄音介質長。

延伸閲讀

  • Bruil, Rudolf A. (January 8, 2004). "Linear Tonearms页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." Retrieved on July 25, 2011.
  • Gelatt, Roland. The Fabulous Phonograph, 1877–1977. Second rev. ed., [being also the] First Collier Books ed., in series, Sounds of the Century. New York: Collier, 1977. 349 p., ill. ISBN 0-02-032680-7
  • Heumann, Michael. "Metal Machine Music: The Phonograph's Voice and the Transformation of Writing页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
  • Koenigsberg, Allen. The Patent History of the Phonograph, 1877–1912. APM Press, 1991.
  • Reddie, Lovell N. The Gramophone And The Mechanical Recording And Reproduction Of Musical Sounds. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1908: 209–231 [2009-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-15).
  • Various. "Turntable [wiki]: Bibliography." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
  • Weissenbrunner, Karin. "Experimental Turntablism: Historical overview of experiments with record players / records — or Scratches from Second-Hand Technology页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
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