哈薛

哈薛（英語：Hazael/ˈheɪziəl/；希伯来语：חֲזָהאֵל, 现代 Ḥaza'ēl 提比里亚 H̱azā'ēl；^[1]亞拉姆語：חזאל‎，他的名字意为「上帝看见了」；阿卡德語：𒄩𒍝𒀪𒀭，羅馬化：Ḫa-za-'-ilu）原来为大臣，后来成为亚兰国王，被圣经提及。^[2][3] 在他的统治下，亚兰大马士革 扩张成为一个疆域涵盖大部分叙利亚和以色列的帝国。^[4]

但遗址石碑（Tel Dan Stele）

但遗址石碑 被大多数学者认为是哈薛王在打败以色列和犹大国王后树立的。^[5][6] 最近在迦特 的考古发掘发现了哈薛围攻和征服迦特的大量证据。泰尔·泽塔在公元前九世纪被毁也可能是哈薛军事征服的结果。犹大国王约阿施抢在哈薛入侵之前将王宫和圣殿的大量财物上贡哈薛，避免了被攻打。

注释

1. I Kings 19:15
2. Hastings, James; Driver, Samuel Rolles. A dictionary of the Bible: dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including the Biblical theology, Volume 3. T. & T. Clark. 1899: 832.
3. Arnold, Bill T.; Williamson, Hugh Godfrey Maturin. Dictionary of the Old Testament: historical books Illustrated. InterVarsity Press. 2006: 46. ISBN 978-0-8308-1782-5.
4. David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. 31 December 2000: 84 [2017-03-02]. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2. （原始内容存档于2017-02-14）.
5. 存档副本. [2017-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-11）.
6. 存档副本. [2017-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-18）.

参考文献

• Biran, A., and Naveh, J. 1995. The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment. Israel Exploration Journal 45(1):1–18.
• Ephal, I., and Naveh, J. 1989. Hazael’s booty inscriptions. Israel Exploration Journal 39(3–4):192–200.
• Lemaire, A. 1991. Hazaël, de Damas, Roi d’Aram. Pp. 91–108 in Marchands, Diplomates et Empereurs, Etudes sur la civilisation mésopotamienne offertes à P. Garelli. Paris: Editions Recherche sur la Civilisations.
• Maeir, A. 2004. The Historical Background and Dating of Amos VI 2: An Archaeological Perspective from Tell es-Safi/Gath. Vetus Testamentum 54(3):319–34.
• Galil, G., "David and Hazael: War, Peace, Stones and Memory," Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 139,2 (2007), 79-84.
• Maeir, A. M., and Gur-Arieh, S. 2011. Comparative aspects of the Aramean Siege System at Tell es-Sa¦fi/Gath. Pp. 227–44 in The Fire Signals of Lachish: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Israel in the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age and Persian Period in Honor of David Ussishkin, eds. I. Finkelstein and N. Na’aman. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

外部链接

• Tell es-Safi/Gath Excavation Project Blog（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Tell es-Safi/Gath Excavation Project websiteStanford Web Archive的存檔，存档日期2009-04-19
• Tel Dan Inscription Webpage（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）