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原型模式创建型模式的一种,其特点在于通过「复制」一个已经存在的实例来返回新的实例,而不是新建实例。被复制的实例就是我们所称的「原型」,这个原型是可定制的。

原型模式多用于创建复杂的或者耗时的实例,因为这种情况下,复制一个已经存在的实例使程序运行更高效;或者创建值相等,只是命名不一样的同类数据。

结构

Thumb
描述原型设计模式的UML类图

实现

Java

 /** Prototype Class **/
 public class Cookie implements Cloneable {
   
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
    {
        //In an actual implementation of this pattern you would now attach references to
        //the expensive to produce parts from the copies that are held inside the prototype.
        return (Cookie) super.clone();
    }
 }
 
 /** Concrete Prototypes to clone **/
 public class CoconutCookie extends Cookie { }
 
 /** Client Class**/
 public class CookieMachine
 {
 
   private Cookie cookie;//cookie必须是可复制的
 
     public CookieMachine(Cookie cookie) { 
         this.cookie = cookie; 
     } 

    public Cookie makeCookie()
    {
        try
        {
            return (Cookie) cookie.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    } 

 
     public static void main(String args[]){ 
         Cookie tempCookie =  null; 
         Cookie prot = new CoconutCookie(); 
         CookieMachine cm = new CookieMachine(prot); //设置原型
         for(int i=0; i<100; i++) 
             tempCookie = cm.makeCookie();//通过复制原型返回多个cookie 
     } 
 }


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引用

来源

  • Gamma, Erich; Helm, Richard; Johnson, Ralph; Vlissides, John. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley. 1994. ISBN 0-201-63361-2.

参见

外部链接


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