卢森尼亚人

卢森尼亚人（Rusyns），在烏克蘭被稱作喀尔巴阡-卢森尼亚人、喀尔巴阡-罗斯人。与鲁塞尼亚人经常混同，是東斯拉夫人的一支，在乌克兰视为乌克兰人的一个分支。以卢森尼亚语为母语。目前全球盧森尼亞人口約為500,000人。而斯洛伐克、烏克蘭、羅馬尼亞、波蘭等地為盧森尼亞人口數較高的地區。斯洛伐克目前約有31,000盧森尼亞人，主要分布於東部及東北部。大部分卢森尼亚人信奉鲁塞尼亚希腊礼天主教会，在美国的许多卢森尼亚人则在19世纪因受拉丁礼天主教敌视而回归正教会。卢森尼亚（Rusynia）一词的词根与俄罗斯（Russia）一词的词根同出于罗斯（rus）一词，可见东斯拉夫民族间的历史渊源。

Руси́ни
卢森尼亚旗帜 卢森尼亚徽章（英语：Coat of arms of Carpathian Ruthenia）
總人口
623,500[1]
分佈地區
斯洛伐克	33,482[2]
塞爾維亞	14,246[3]
烏克蘭	10,183[4]
美国	8,934 [note 1][5]
克罗地亚	2,879[6]
匈牙利	2,342[7]
捷克	1,109[8]
波蘭	638–10,531 [note 2][9]
羅馬尼亞	200–4090 [note 3][10][11][12]
語言
卢森尼亚语 · 乌克兰语 · 斯洛伐克语 · 塞尔维亚语
宗教信仰
東儀天主教會（多数魯塞尼亞禮天主教會）和正教會（少数俄罗斯正教会及塞爾維亞正教會）
相关族群
其他乌克兰族（博伊科人 胡楚爾人 · 蘭科人）

註解

1. Respondents in the U.S. census identified as Carpatho Rusyn
2. According to the 2011 Polish census, 10,531 respondents identified as 蘭科人, separately from Rusyns.
3. While an estimated 200 people identified themselves as "Rusyns" in 2011, in the 2002 Romanian census, 3,890 people identified as 胡楚爾人 (Romanian: Huțuli; Rusyn Hutsuly) – a minority whose members often identifiy or are regarded as a subgroup of the Rusyns. A further 61,091 Romanian citizens identified as Ukrainian (Romanian: Ucraineni). As the archaic 內名與外名 "鲁塞尼亚人" was applied indiscriminately to both Rusyns and Ukrainians, some Ukrainian-Romanians may also regard themselves as Rusyns in the sense of a subgroup of a broader Ukrainian identity.

註釋

1. Rusyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2020)
2. Permanently resident population by nationality and by regions and districts (PDF). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2011 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-17） （斯洛伐克语）.
3. Становништво према националној припадности [Population by ethnicity]. Serbian Republic Institute of Statistics. [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-22） （塞尔维亚语）.
4. Чисельність осіб окремих етнографічних груп украінського етносу та їх рідна мова [Number of persons individual ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian ethnicity and their native language]. ukrcensus.gov.ua. 2001 [4 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （乌克兰语）. Карта говорiв української мови （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 10.10.2008; Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. − Арсеньев, К.К. − Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. − Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. Русины. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890−1907) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 10.10.2008; Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., s.v. Rusyn. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 10.10.2008; Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. Ruthenians. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008, 10.10.2008.
5. Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2010 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates. 美国普查局. [November 30, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-12）.
6. STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA NARODNOSTI, PO GRADOVIMA/OPĆINAMA, POPIS 2001 [Population by ethnicity in cities and municipalities, 2001 Census]. State Institute for Statistics of the 克罗地亚. [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-19） （克罗地亚语）.
7. Vukovich, Gabriella. Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok [2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data] (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Budapest). 2018 [9 January 2019]. ISBN 978-963-235-542-9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-08-08） （匈牙利语）.
8. Rusínská národnostní menšina. [18 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-10）.
9. Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno społeczna [State and structure of the social demographics of the population] (PDF). Central Statistical Office of Poland: 91. 2013 [14 April 2013]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-18） （波兰语）.
10. Moser, Michael. "Rusyn". Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi & Catherine Gibson (编). The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. Basingstoke UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2016: 132 （英语）.
11. Populaţia după etnie (PDF). Institutul Naţional de Statistică. [2011-10-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24） （罗马尼亚语）.
12. Date naţionale. Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank. [2011-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-29） （罗马尼亚语）.

參考文獻

• Litwin, Henryk. Catholicization among the Ruthenian Nobility and Assimilation Processes' in the Ukraine during the Years 1569-1648 (PDF). Acta Poloniae Historica. 1987, 55: 57–83 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-24）.
• Pekar, Athanasius B. The Bishops of the Eparchy of Mukachevo, with Historical Outlines. Pittsburgh: Byzantine Seminary Pres. 1979 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-19）.
• Rychlík, Jan; Rychlíková, Magdaléna. Podkarpatská Rus v dějinách Československa 1918–1946. Praha: Vyšehrad. 2016 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-15）.
• Véghseő, Tamás. Reflections on the Background to the Union of Uzhhorod / Ungvár (1646) (PDF). Eastern Theological Journal. 2015, 1 (1): 147–181 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-24）.

延伸閱讀

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• Golovatsky, Yakov. Zustände der Russinen in Gallizien: Ein Wort zur Zeit. Leipzig: Slawische Buchhandlung. 1846 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-15）.
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• Mayer, Maria. Rusyns of Hungary: Political and Social Developments, 1860-1910. New York: Columbia University Press. 1997 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14）.
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• Magocsi, Paul R. The Ruthenian Decision to Unite with Czechoslovakia (PDF). Slavic Review. 1975, 34 (2): 360–381 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-04-28）.
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• Magocsi, Paul R. Galicia: A Historical Survey and Bibliographic Guide. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1983 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-27）.
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參見

• 卢森尼亚语

外部連結

• The Carpathian Connection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• The Carpatho-Rusyn Society（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Carpatho Rusyn Knowledge Base（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• American Carpatho-Russian Diocese（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）