歐洲-地中海人權監測組織（英语：Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor）於2023年11月18日發布的一份報告，将以色列在加薩的行動稱为種族滅絕。报告指出，在加薩的巴勒斯坦人，有15,271人被殺，32,310人受傷，估計有41,500人下落不明。[87]多家新聞和學術媒體也報導了最新數據：截至2023年12月，至少20,000巴勒斯坦人在加薩被杀，估計其中70%是婦女和兒童。[88][89][90][91][92][35][註 5]截至2024年1月14日，即以色列进攻加沙100天之际，已確認的死亡人数已超過23,900人。[94]到5月10日，死亡人數已超過35,000人，其中三分之一的屍體身份不明，估計還有10,000多具屍體被埋在廢墟之下。[95]最初三週內以色列在加薩的袭擊造成的兒童死亡人數，已超过2019年以來任何一年全球所有衝突地區的總和。[96][14]:531截至2023年12月，受伤人数已超过52,000人；[89][90]至2024年5月，這一數字已上升至77,700多人。[5][97]
Huynh, Benjamin Q.; Chin, Elizabeth T.; Spiegel, Paul B. No evidence of inflated mortality reporting from the Gaza Ministry of Health [没有证据表明加沙卫生部报告的死亡数字虚高]. 柳叶刀. 2023-12-06, 403 (10421): 23—24. PMID 38070526. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02713-7（英语）.
Sathar, M. A. The war on Gaza. A test of our humanity [加沙战争：对我们人性的考验]. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 2023年12月, 16 (3): 82—83. doi:10.7196/SAJBL.2023.v16i3.1734（英语）.
迪迪埃·法辛（英语：Didier Fassin）. The Rhetoric of Denial: Contribution to an Archive of the Debate about Mass Violence in Gaza [否认的言论：关于加沙大规模暴力事件辩论档案的贡献]. 种族灭绝研究杂志. 2024-02-05: 1—7. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2308941（英语）.
Mackenzie, James; Lubell, Maayan. Israel launches Gaza war's second phase with ground operation, Netanyahu says [内塔尼亚胡称，以色列发动加沙战争第二阶段地面行动]. 路透社. 2023-10-29 [2023-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-29） （英语）. Israel has tightened its blockade on and bombarded Gaza for three weeks after the Islamist group Hamas' Oct. 7 assault killed 1,400 Israelis [...] Abbas ... said, "Our people in the Gaza Strip are facing a war of genocide and massacres committed by the Israeli occupation forces in full view of the entire world."[在伊斯兰组织哈马斯10月7日发动袭击，并造成1,400名以色列人死亡之后，以色列加强了对加沙地带的封锁和轰炸，持续了三个星期【……】阿巴斯……说：“在全世界人民众目睽睽之下，我们在加沙地带的人民正面临着以色列占领军发动的种族灭绝和屠杀战争。”]
Antonio, Raymund. Civilians not a target: Envoy decries 'genocide' tag of Israel–Hamas war [莫把平民当目标：特使谴责以色列—哈马斯战争的“种族灭绝”标签]. 马尼拉公报. 2023-10-23 [2023-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01） （英语）. Israeli Ambassador to the Philippines Ilan Fluss rejected the notion that his country is committing genocide in Gaza City, where a two-week war has erupted [...] their measures were targeting Hamas members, and they were "taking all measures to avoid having civilians affected" by attacks. "We are informing civilians even before attacks: keep away from Hamas' infrastructure and Hamas' facilities," [...] Hamas attacked Israel on Oct. 7, and killed at least 1,400 people, mostly civilians.[以色列驻菲律宾大使伊兰·弗鲁斯否认他的国家正在加沙城实施种族灭绝，该城爆发的战争已持续两周【……】他们的手段针对的是哈马斯成员，他们“正采取一切措施来避免平民受到【袭击】影响”。“我们在袭击前就告知平民：远离哈马斯的基础设施和其它设施，”【……】哈马斯在10月7日袭击了以色列，造成至少1,400人死亡，其中大部分是平民。]
Abraham, Yuval. 'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza [“薰衣草”：指挥以色列轰炸加沙的AI机器]. +972杂志. 2024-04-03 [2024-07-03]（英语）. "There was a completely permissive policy regarding the casualties of [bombing] operations — so permissive that in my opinion it had an element of revenge," D., an intelligence source, claimed. … A. also used the word "revenge" to describe the atmosphere inside the army after October 7.[情报人员D声称：“对【轰炸】行动的伤亡采取了完全放纵的政策，在我看来，这种放纵带有报复的意味。”……A还使用了“报复”一词，来描述10月7日之后的军队内部气氛。]
尼梅尔·苏尔塔尼（英语：Nimer Sultany）. A Threshold Crossed: On Genocidal Intent and the Duty to Prevent Genocide in Palestine [跨越门槛：关于种族灭绝意图和防止巴勒斯坦种族灭绝的责任]. 种族灭绝研究杂志. 2024-05-09: 1—26. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2351261（英语）.
On the Dehumanization of the Palestinians [关于巴勒斯坦人的非人待遇]. palestine-studies.com. 巴勒斯坦研究院（英语：Institute for Palestine Studies）. [2024-07-03]（英语）. The current genocidal assaults on Palestinians in the Gaza strip have undoubtedly been enabled by decades of anti-Palestinian racism propagated by both government and military officials and by media outlets. ... This has never been clearer than over the course of the last two weeks as U.S. and Israeli political and military leaders sow fear and paranoia, and trot out the worst anti-Arab rhetoric we have seen since the period following 9/11. This racist rhetoric is intended to dehumanize the Palestinians in order to neutralize public outrage at what may amount to the worst ethnic cleansing since the 1948 Nakba and what constitutes a genocide at the hands of one of the most advanced militaries in the world, all while world powers watch and do nothing.[毫无疑问，数十年来政府和军方官员以及媒体宣传的反巴勒斯坦种族主义，造成了加沙地带巴勒斯坦人目前遭受的种族灭绝袭击。……在过去两周里，美国和以色列的政治和军事领导人散布恐惧和偏执，并发表了自九一一事件以来我们所看到的最糟糕的反阿拉伯言论，这一点从未如此明显。这些种族主义言论旨在将巴勒斯坦人非人化，以抵消公众的愤怒。这可能是自1948年巴勒斯坦人大逃亡以来最严重的种族清洗，以及世界上最先进的军队之一实施的种族灭绝，而世界大国们却袖手旁观，无动于衷。]
拉兹·西格尔（英语：Raz Segal）; Daniele, Luigi. Gaza as Twilight of Israel Exceptionalism: Holocaust and Genocide Studies from Unprecedented Crisis to Unprecedented Change [加沙——以色列例外论的黄昏：大屠杀和种族灭绝研究从前所未有的危机到前所未有的变革]. 种族灭绝研究杂志. 2024-03-05: 1—10. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2325804（英语）.
Gaza: UN experts call on international community to prevent genocide against the Palestinian people [加沙：联合国专家呼吁国际社会防止针对巴勒斯坦人民的种族灭绝]. 联合国人权事务高级专员办事处. 2023-11-16 [2023-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-24） （英语）. Grave violations committed by Israel against Palestinians in the aftermath of 7 October, particularly in Gaza, point to a genocide in the making, UN experts said today. They illustrated evidence of increasing genocidal incitement, overt intent to "destroy the Palestinian people under occupation", loud calls for a 'second Nakba' in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the use of powerful weaponry with inherently indiscriminate impacts, resulting in a colossal death toll and destruction of life-sustaining infrastructure.[联合国专家今天表示，10月7日之后以色列对巴勒斯坦人实施的严重侵犯行为，尤其是在加沙，表明正在制造一场种族灭绝。这些行为表明，以色列日甚一日地煽动种族灭绝，公然意图“消灭被占领土的巴勒斯坦人民”，并为加沙和其它巴勒斯坦被占领土上发生的“第二次灾难日”、使用无差别杀伤力的强大武器、造成大量人员死亡、维持生命的基础设施被毁而大声疾呼。]
Soni, S. Gaza and international law: The global obligation to protect life and health [加沙与国际法：保护生命和健康的全球义务]. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 2023年12月, 16 (3): 80—81. doi:10.7196/SAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764（英语）.
Order of 26 January 2024 [2024年1月26日命令](PDF). 国际法院: ¶ 54. 2024-01-26. （原始内容(PDF)存档于2024-02-13） （英语）. In the Court's view, the facts and circumstances mentioned above are sufficient to conclude that at least some of the rights claimed by South Africa and for which it is seeking protection are plausible. This is the case with respect to the right of the Palestinians in Gaza to be protected from acts of genocide and related prohibited acts identified in Article III, and the right of South Africa to seek Israel's compliance with the latter's obligations under the Convention.[法院认为，上述事实和情况足以得出结论，南非所主张并寻求保护的权利，至少有一部分是合理的。例如，依《公约》第三条，加沙的巴勒斯坦人有权受到保护，免遭种族灭绝，免受相关禁止行为的侵害，南非有权要求以色列遵守《公约》所规定的义务。]Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide (S. Afr. v. Isr.)[《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》的适用（南非诉以色列）]，No.192
Hamas leader Haniyeh: Battle 'will spread to West Bank, Jerusalem' [哈马斯领导人哈尼亚：战斗“将蔓延至约旦河西岸和耶路撒冷”]. 阿拉伯新闻. 美联社与路透社. 2023-10-08. （原始内容存档于2023-10-18） （英语）. The leader of Hamas' military wing, Mohammed Deif, said Saturday's assault was in response to the 16-year blockade of Gaza, Israeli raids inside West Bank cities over the past year, violence at Al-Aqsa and increasing attacks by settlers on Palestinians, and growth of settlements.[哈马斯军事部门领导人穆罕默德·戴夫表示，星期六的袭击是对以色列暴力行为的反击，他们封锁加沙16年，在过去一年袭击约旦河西岸城市，在阿克萨清真寺实施暴力，定居者对巴勒斯坦人的袭击日益增多，还扩张定居点。]
Zitun, Yoav. One-fifth of troop fatalities in Gaza due to friendly fire or accidents, IDF reports [以色列国防军报告称，在加沙的部队，有五分之一的死亡是由于友军误伤或意外事故造成的]. Ynet（英语：Ynet）. 2023-12-12 [2023-12-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-14） （英语）. Casualties fell as a result of friendly fire on October 7, but the IDF believes that beyond the operational investigations of the events, it would not be morally sound to investigate these incidents due to the immense and complex quantity of them that took place in the kibbutzim and southern Israeli communities due to the challenging situations the soldiers were in at the time.[10月7日，友军误伤造成了人员伤亡，但以色列国防军认为，由于士兵当时所处的形势十分困难，基布兹和以色列南部社区发生的此类事件数量巨大且情况复杂，因此，对这些事件只能从操作层面进行调查，更进一步的调查在道义上并不合理。]
Jamshidi, Maryam. Genocide and Resistance in Palestine under Law's Shadow [法律阴影下巴勒斯坦的种族灭绝与抵抗]. 种族灭绝研究杂志（英语：Journal of Genocide Research）. 2024-05-06: 1—35. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2348377（英语）. In its application to the ICJ, South Africa describes Israel's entire campaign inside Gaza since 7 October as genocidal.[在向国际法院提出的申请中，南非将以色列自10月7日以来在加沙的整个行动描述为种族灭绝。]
McDoom, Omar Shahabudin. Expert Commentary, the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, and the Question of Genocide: Prosemitic Bias within a Scholarly Community? [专家评论、巴以冲突及关于种族灭绝的问题：学术界内部的犹太偏见？]. 种族灭绝研究杂志. 2024-04-25: 1—9. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2346403（英语）.
Khatib, Rasha; 马丁·麦基（英语：Martin McKee）; 萨利姆·尤素夫（英语：Salim Yusuf）. Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential [统计加沙死亡人数：困难但重要]. 柳葉刀 (爱思唯尔). 2024-07-05, 404 (10449): 237—238. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 38976995. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01169-3（英语）. Armed conflicts have indirect health implications beyond the direct harm from violence. Even if the conflict ends immediately, there will continue to be many indirect deaths in the coming months and years from causes such as reproductive, communicable, and non-communicable diseases. The total death toll is expected to be large given the intensity of this conflict; destroyed health-care infrastructure; severe shortages of food, water, and shelter; the population's inability to flee to safe places; and the loss of funding to UNRWA, one of the very few humanitarian organisations still active in the Gaza Strip. In recent conflicts, such indirect deaths range from three to 15 times the number of direct deaths. Applying a conservative estimate of four indirect deaths per one direct death to the 37,396 deaths reported, it is not implausible to estimate that up to 186,000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza. Using the 2022 Gaza Strip population estimate of 2,375,259, this would translate to 7·9% of the total population in the Gaza Strip.[除了直接的暴力伤害外，武装冲突还会对健康造成间接影响。即使冲突立即结束，在未来的几个月或几年中，仍会继续造成大量间接死亡，这些死亡的原因包括生殖系统疾病、传染性和非传染性疾病。考虑到冲突的激烈程度，医疗基础设施遭到破坏，食物、水和住所严重短缺，民众无法逃到安全之处，以及近东救济工程处（几个仍在加沙地带活动的人道主义组织之一）缺乏资金支持，预计总死亡人数将非常庞大。在最近的冲突中，此类间接死亡的人数，是直接死亡人数的3到15倍。保守估计，有1人直接死亡，就会有4人间接死亡；而报告的死亡人数为37,396，因此估计有多达186,000人甚至更多的死亡，可能归因于加沙目前的冲突，这并不令人难以置信。按照2022年估计的加沙地带人口数2,375,259计算，这将占加沙地带总人口的 7.9%。]
Alexander, Atul. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel) at the International Court of Justice [《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》在国际法院应用于加沙地带（南非诉以色列）]. 中国国际法杂志（英语：Chinese Journal of International Law）. 2024-02-22, 23 (1): 185—190. doi:10.1093/chinesejil/jmae004（英语）.
Gostin, Lawrence O.; Goodwin, Michael B. International Humanitarian Law in the Israeli-Gaza Conflict—Reply [以色列—加沙冲突中的国际人道主义法——回复]. 美国医学会杂志. 2024-03-13, 331 (15): 1330. PMID 38477944. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4426（英语）.
Moses, Jeremy. Gaza and the Political and Moral Failure of the Responsibility to Protect [加沙与保护责任的政治—道德的失败]. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. 2024-02-16, 18 (2): 211—215. doi:10.1080/17502977.2024.2304987（英语）.
Soni, S. The anatomy of a genocide – a watershed moment as international law and our common humanity hangs by a thread [种族灭绝剖析——国际法和共同人性命悬一线的关键时刻]. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 2024年5月, 17 (2): e2218. doi:10.7196/SAJBL.2024.v17i2.2218（英语）.
Mhajne, Anwar. Understanding Sexual Violence Debates Since 7 October: Weaponization and Denial [了解10月7日以来关于性暴力的辩论：武器化与否认]. 种族灭绝研究杂志. 2024-05-30: 1—19. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2359851（英语）.
Whyte, Jessica. A "Tragic Humanitarian Crisis": Israel's Weaponization of Starvation and the Question of Intent [“悲惨的人道主义危机”：以色列将饥饿武器化及其意图问题]. 种族灭绝研究杂志. 2024-04-17: 1—15. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2339637（英语）.
