User:Shangkuanlc/沙盒/洛哌丁胺
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Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium among others, is a medication used to decrease the frequency of 腹瀉.[1] It is often used for this purpose in 腸胃炎, 炎症性肠病, and short bowel syndrome(英语:short bowel syndrome). It is not recommended in those with 痢疾. The medication is taken by mouth.[1]
臨床資料 | |
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读音 | /loʊˈpɛrəmaɪd/ |
商品名(英语:Drug nomenclature) | Imodium, Lopex, others |
其他名稱 | R-18553 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682280 |
懷孕分級 |
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给药途径 | oral, inhaled |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 | |
藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | 0.3% |
血漿蛋白結合率 | 97% |
药物代谢 | 肝臟 (extensive) |
生物半衰期 | 9-14 hours[1] |
排泄途徑 | Faeces (30-40%), urine (1%) |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 53179-11-6( 34552-83-5 (with HCl)) Y |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank |
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ChemSpider |
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UNII | |
KEGG |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C29H33ClN2O2 |
摩尔质量 | 477.037 g/mol (513.506 with HCl) |
3D模型(JSmol(英语:JSmol)) | |
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Common side effects include abdominal pain, 便秘, sleepiness, vomiting, and a dry mouth. It may increase the risk of toxic megacolon(英语:toxic megacolon).[1] Loperamide's safety in 妊娠 is unclear but their is no evidence of harm.[2] It appear to be safe in 母乳餵養.[3] It is an 鴉片類藥物 that is not absorbed.[4] It works by slowing the contractions of the intestines.[1]
Loperamide was first made in 1969 and used medically in 1976.[5] It is on the 世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单, the most important medication needed in a basic health system(英语:health system).[6] It is as a 通用名药物 and is not very expensive.[1][7] Wholesale the cost is about 0.004 to 0.04 USD a dose.[8] In the United States it is about 0.20 USD a dose.[1]
References
- Loperamide Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Aug 25, 2015].
- Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database. Australian Government. 3 March 2014 [22 April 2014].
- Loperamide use while Breastfeeding. [26 August 2015].
- loperamide hydrochloride. NCI Drug Dictionary. [26 August 2015].
- Patrick, Graham L. An introduction to medicinal chemistry Fifth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013: 644. ISBN 9780199697397.
- WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014].
- Hamilton, Richard J. Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia 14. [Sudbury, Mass.]: Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2013: 217. ISBN 9781449673611.
- Loperamide HCL. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [26 August 2015].