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維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
這列表列出28個由聯合國教科文組織制定,在英國和海外領土的世界遺產。[1] 當中十七個在英格兰,四個在蘇格蘭,三個在威爾士,一個位於北愛爾蘭,其餘海外領土包括百慕達,皮特肯群島及聖赫勒拿島各有一個。最先在1986年被列入世界遺產名冊的有巨人堤道、達勒姆座堂與達勒姆城堡和大教堂、鐵橋谷、斯塔德利皇家公園包括喷泉修道院遗址、 巨石陣、埃夫伯里和相關遺址(英语:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites)、及圭内斯的爱德华国王城堡和城墙。最近被列入的是旁特塞斯特渡槽和运河在2009年。[2]
聯合國教育,科學及文化組織(通常簡稱教科文組織)在1946年11月4日正式成立。 它的目的是“保存和保護世界上書籍、藝術作品、歷史和科學古蹟的遺產”。[3]英國每年向世界遺產基金提供十三萬英鎊作為在发展中国家保存遺跡的資金。[4] Some designated properties contain multiple sites that share a common geographical location or cultural heritage.
The United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO advises the British government, which is responsible for maintaining its World Heritage Sites, on policies regarding UNESCO.[5] In 2008, Andy Burnham – then Minister for Culture, Media, and Sport – voiced concerns over the worth of the designation of sites in the UK as World Heritage Sites and called for a review of the government's policy of putting forward new sites; this was partly due to rising costs and lower-than-expected income from visitors, few of which were aware of the World Heritage Site status of the sites they visited.[6]
World Heritage Site selection criteria i–iv are culturally related, and selection criteria vii–x are the natural criteria.[7] Twenty-three properties are designated as "cultural", four as "natural", and one as "mixed".[note 1][1] The breakdown of sites by type was similar to the overall proportions; of the 890 sites on the World Heritage List, 77.4% are cultural, 19.8% are natural, and 2.8% are mixed.[8] St Kilda is the only mixed World Heritage Site in the UK. Originally preserved for its natural habitats alone,[9] in 2005 the site was expanded to include the crofting community that once inhabited the archipelago; the site became one of only 25 mixed sites worldwide.[10] The natural sites are the Dorset and East Devon Coast; Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast; Gough and Inaccessible Islands; and Henderson Island. The rest are cultural.[1]