User:春卷柯南/獅城分局
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官委議員(英語:Nominated Member of Parliament,NMP)是新加坡一種由總統委任的國會議員,既不屬於任何政黨,也不代表任何選區。在1990年9月引入的官委議員制度是新加坡對傳統西敏制的一項重要修訂,作用是令更多獨立人士晉身國會。官委議員每屆任期兩年半,他們在國會裏可以參與各項辯論和議案表決,但不得就憲法修正案、涉及公款的動議、對政府的不信任動議和總統罷免案表決。
官委議員的人選由國會特別特選委員會提議。特別特選委員會由國會議長擔任主席,may nominate persons who have rendered distinguished public service or who have brought honour to Singapore, and also invites proposals of candidates from community groups in the fields of arts and letters, culture, the sciences, business, industry, the professions, social or community service, and the labour movement. In 2009, 新加坡總理李顯龍 proposed in Parliament that the Committee should also invite nominations from the civil society such as candidates from the environmental movement, young activists, new citizens, and community and grassroots leaders. In addition, the Committee must have regard to the need for NMPs to reflect as wide a range of independent and nonpartisan views as possible.
The NMP scheme has been criticized on the grounds that it is undemocratic, and that unelected NMPs have no incentive to express the electorate's views in Parliament. It has also been claimed that the scheme reinforces the ruling People's Action Party's technocratic and elitist view of politics. On the other hand, it is said that NMPs have placed pressure on PAP MPs to be more competent in Parliament.
NMPs have made contributions to Singapore's political landscape. In 1996, the Maintenance of Parents Act (Cap. 167B, 1996 Rev. Ed.) became the first public Act originating from a private member's bill initiated by an NMP, Walter Woon. During parliamentary debates, NMPs have also offered critical views on Government policies. The scheme was declared a success by the Prime Minister in 2009, and NMPs were made a permanent feature of Parliament – before this change, Parliament had to resolve within six months of every election whether NMPs should be appointed.