馬珂
型態描述
本科物種有一對短短的虹管，但每邊皆有一個帶角的鞘。外殼的外型像一個圓角的等邊三角形。鉸齒分主齒和側齒：主齒兩枚，側齒右邊四枚、左邊兩枚[2]。
生態
本科物種只在沙質底基生活，不會在泥濘底基生活[2]。
分類
根據WoRMS (2012)，馬珂蛤科包括以下37個屬[3]：
- Anatina Schumacher, 1817[4]
- Austromactra Iredale, 1930
- Barymactra Cossmann in Cossmann & Peyrot, 1909
- 腔蛤蜊属 Coelomactra Dall, 1895
- Crassula_(雙殼綱) Crassula Marwick, 1948
- Cyclomactra Dall, 1895[5]
- Darina Gray, 1853
- Diaphoromactra Iredale, 1930
- Eastonia Gray, 1853
- Harvella Gray, 1853
- Heterocardia Deshayes, 1855
- Leptospisula Dall, 1895
- 獭蛤属 Lutraria Lamarck, 1799[4]
- 马珂蛤属 Mactra Linnaeus, 1767[4]，蛤蜊属
- Mactrellona Marks, 1915[4]
- 光蛤蜊属 Mactrinula Gray, 1853[6]
- Mactromeris Conrad, 1868[4]
- Mactrotoma Dall, 1894[4]
- Maorimactra Finlay, 1928
- 立蛤屬 Meropesta Iredale, 1929
- Mulinia Gray, 1837[4]
- Oxyperas Mörch, 1853
- 擬心蛤屬 Pseudocardium Gabb, 1866 †
- 勒特蛤属 Raeta Gray, 1853[4]
- Rangia Desmoulins, 1832[4]
- Resania Gray, 1853
- Scalpomactra Finlay [in Marwick], 1928
- Scissodesma Gray, 1837
- Simomactra Dall, 1894[4]
- Spisula Gray, 1837[4]
- Standella Gray, 1853
- Tanysiphon Benson, 1858
- 脊蛤蜊屬 Tresus Gray, 1853[4]
- Trinitasia Maury, 1928
- Tumbeziconcha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935
- Zenatia Gray, 1853
- Zenatina Gill & Darragh, 1963
這些屬大致可二分到蛤蜊亞科（馬珂蛤亞科）及獺蛤亞科兩個亞科裡，還有少部分亞科地位未定[3]。
參考文獻
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