擬桿菌屬（學名：Bacteroides）又稱類桿菌屬，是細菌中的一個屬，是人類大腸中的非病原性優勢菌種。革兰氏阴性菌。不形成孢子、厌氧和杆状细菌，是人类常驻菌群，同时也是肠道组成的重要基石菌属，与人类具有共生的关系。
擬桿菌屬被歸類在革蘭氏陰性菌和專性厭氧菌中。不同於其他細菌的是，擬桿菌屬的細胞膜上帶有鞘磷脂。這一細菌種類中以鬆脆類桿菌較為有名。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：[1]
- 产酸拟杆菌 Bacteroides acidifaciens Miyamoto and Itoh 2000
- Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956
- Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977
- Bacteroides barnesiae Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides bivius Holdeman and Johnson 1977
- Bacteroides buccae Holdeman et al., 1982
- Bacteroides buccalis Shah and Collins 1982
- 粪拟杆菌 Bacteroides caccae Johnson et al., 1986
- Bacteroides caecicola Irisawa et al., 2016
- Bacteroides caecigallinarum Saputra et al., 2015
- Bacteroides caecimuris Lagkouvardos et al., 2016
- 多毛拟杆菌 Bacteroides capillosus (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957
- Bacteroides capillus Kornman and Holt 1982
- Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Robert et al., 2007
- 溶纤维素拟杆菌 Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al., 1984
- 毛丝鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides chinchillae Kitahara et al., 2011
- Bacteroides clarus Watanabe et al., 2010
- Bacteroides coagulans Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides coprocola Kitahara et al., 2005
- Bacteroides coprophilus Hayashi et al., 2007
- Bacteroides coprosuis Whitehead et al., 2005
- Bacteroides corporis Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1982
- Bacteroides disiens Holdeman and Johnson 1977
- Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides dorei Bakir et al., 2006
- 埃氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974
- Bacteroides endodontalis van Steenbergen et al., 1984
- Bacteroides faecalis Yu et al., 2019
- Bacteroides faecichinchillae Kitahara et al., 2012
- Bacteroides faecis Kim et al., 2010
- Bacteroides faecium Kim et al. 2023[2]
- Bacteroides finegoldii Bakir et al., 2006
- Bacteroides fluxus Watanabe et al., 2010
- 福赛斯拟杆菌 Bacteroides forsythus Tanner et al., 1986
- 脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
- Bacteroides furcosus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937
- Bacteroides galacturonicus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
- Bacteroides gallinaceus Irisawa et al., 2016，也拼作：Bacteroides gallinaceum
- Bacteroides gallinarum Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides gingivalis Coykendall et al., 1980
- Bacteroides goldsteinii Song et al., 2006
- 纤细拟杆菌 Bacteroides gracilis Tanner et al., 1981
- Bacteroides graminisolvens Nishiyama et al., 2009
- Bacteroides helcogenes Benno et al., 1983
- Bacteroides heparinolyticus Okuda et al., 1985
- 人脸拟杆菌 Bacteroides humanifaecis Kim et al. 2023[3]
- Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963
- Bacteroides intermedius (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides intestinalis Bakir et al., 2006
- 朝鲜拟杆菌 Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al., 2017
- Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al., 2017
- 利氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides levii (ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides loescheii Holdeman and Johnson 1982
- 卢洪洲拟杆菌 Bacteroides luhongzhouii Ge et al. 2021[4]，以卢洪洲的名字命名
- Bacteroides luti Hatamoto et al., 2014
- Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980
- 马赛拟杆菌 Bacteroides massiliensis Fenner et al., 2005
- 产黑色素拟杆菌 Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939
- 屎拟杆菌 Bacteroides merdae Johnson et al., 1986
- 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides multiformis Liu et al. 2021
- Bacteroides microfusus Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978
- Bacteroides multiacidus Mitsuoka et al., 1974
- 鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides muris Fokt et al. 2023[5]
- Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963
- Bacteroides nordii Song et al., 2005，以卡尔·埃里克·诺德（Carl Erik Nord）的名字命名，他在厌氧细菌学和肠道细菌学方面做出了贡献
- Bacteroides ochraceus (Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972
- Bacteroides oleiciplenus Watanabe et al., 2010
- Bacteroides oralis Loesche et al., 1964
- Bacteroides oris Holdeman et al., 1982
- Bacteroides oulorum Shah et al., 1985
- 卵形拟杆菌 Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus Ueki et al., 2011
- Bacteroides pectinophilus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
- Bacteroides pentosaceus Shah and Collins 1982
- Bacteroides plebeius Kitahara et al., 2005
- 侵肺拟杆菌 Bacteroides pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Bacteroides polypragmatus Patel and Breuil 1982
- Bacteroides praeacutus (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Bacteroides propionicifaciens Ueki et al., 2008
- Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957
- Bacteroides pyogenes Benno et al., 1983
- Bacteroides reticulotermitis Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013
- Bacteroides rhinocerotis Li et al. 2024[6]
- Bacteroides rodentium Kitahara et al., 2011
- 赤拟杆菌 Bacteroides ruber
- Bacteroides ruminicola Bryant et al., 1958
- Bacteroides salanitronis Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides salivosus Love et al., 1987
- Bacteroides salyersae Song et al., 2005
- Bacteroides salyersiae corrig. Song et al., 2005
- Bacteroides sartorii Clavel et al., 2010
- Bacteroides splanchnicus Werner et al., 1975
- Bacteroides stercorirosoris Kitahara et al., 2012
- 粪便拟杆菌 Bacteroides stercoris Johnson et al., 1986
- Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950
- 猪拟杆菌 Bacteroides suis Benno et al., 1983
- 隐蔽拟杆菌 Bacteroides tectum Love et al., 1986
- Bacteroides tectus corrig. Love et al., 1986
- Bacteroides termitidis (Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970
- 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
- 帝汶拟杆菌 Bacteroides timonensis Ramasamy et al. 2014
- 同型拟杆菌 Bacteroides uniformis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，单形拟杆菌
- 解脲拟杆菌 Bacteroides urealtyicus
- Bacteroides ureolyticus Jackson and Goodman 1978
- Bacteroides veroralis Watabe et al., 1983
- Bacteroides vicugnae [7]
- 普通拟杆菌 Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides xylanisolvens Chassard et al., 2008
- Bacteroides xylanolyticus Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988
- 张文宏拟杆菌 Bacteroides zhangwenhongii Ge et al. 2021[8]，以张文宏的名字命名
- Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982
參考文獻
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