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来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
铸剑为犁(英語:swords to ploughshares 〔英〕/ swords to plowshares〔美〕),是指将軍事武器及/或科技转换为和平的民用用途的概念,中文类似说法有偃武修文。
![]() | 此條目可参照德語維基百科相應條目来扩充,此條目在對應語言版為高品質條目。 (2021年11月29日) |
该比喻於西方世界的應用源自《舊約聖經》的〈以賽亞書〉、〈約珥書〉及〈彌迦書〉:
必有许多国的民前往,说:“来吧!我们登耶和华的山,奔雅各 神的殿;主必将他的道教训我们,我们也要行他的路。因为训诲必出于锡安;耶和华的言语必出于耶路撒冷。”他必在列国中施行审判,为许多国民断定是非。他们要将刀打成犁头,把枪打成镰刀;这国不举刀攻击那国,他们也不再学习战事。
——以賽亞書2:3–4
要将犁头打成刀剑,将镰刀打成戈矛。软弱的要说:我有勇力。
他必在多国的民中施行审判,为远方强盛的国断定是非。他们要将刀打成犁头,把枪打成镰刀。这国不举刀攻击那国,他们也不再学习战事。
——彌迦書4:3
犁(希伯來語:אֵת,羅馬化:’êṯ)常被视为造福人类的建设性工具的象征,与战争用以殺傷毀滅為目的的武器相对,其代表为劍(希伯來語:חֶרֶב,羅馬化:ḥereḇ),同样是锋利的金属工具,用途却截然不同。
而東方歷史上也有類似的表述,語出《孔子家語》的〈致思〉第八:
回闻薰莸不同器而藏,尧桀不共国而治,以其类异也。回愿得明王圣主辅相之,敷其五教,导之以礼乐,使民城郭不修,沟池不越,铸剑戟以为农器,放牛马于原薮,室家无离旷之思,千岁无战斗之患。则由无所施其勇,而赐无所用其辩矣。
联合国花园里的青铜雕像中可见到该概念的表达,这个名为《铸剑为犁》(Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares)的雕像是来自苏联的礼物,由叶夫根尼·维克多罗维奇·武切季奇雕刻,刻画了一个人用锤子将剑打成犁的形状的动作。
截至2013年,拆除核武器並將其内容物轉為核電燃料的「兆吨换兆瓦计划」是「铸剑为犁」最典型的例子。另外,原本為二戰之需而迅速发展的核裂变技术,在广岛和长崎兩次核爆之后,也已用作包括放射治療在內的许多民事用途。
Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United States corporations.
直到最近一次世界冲突之前,美国没有任何军事工业。只要有时间和需要,美国的犁头制造商也可以制造刀剑。但现在我们不能再冒险临时拼凑国防;我们被迫建立了一个规模巨大的永久性军事工业。此外,350万男女直接参与国防建设。我们每年用于军事安全的开支超过了所有美国公司的净收入。
Cannot swords be turned to plowshares? Can we and all nations not live in peace? In our obsession with antagonisms of the moment, we often forget how much unites all the members of humanity. Perhaps we need some outside, universal threat to make us recognize this common bond. I occasionally think how quickly our differences world-wide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world. And yet, I ask you, is not an alien force already among us? What could be more alien than war and the threat of war?
剑不能变成犁头吗?我们不能和所有的国家和平相处吗?当我们沉迷于一时的敌对情绪时,我们常常忘记所有人类成员是如何团结在一起的。也许我们需要一些外部的、普遍的威胁来让我们认识到这一共同的纽带。我有时会想,如果我们面临来自这个世界以外的异己的威胁,我在世界范围内的分歧会消失得有多快。然而,我问你,不是已经有一种异己的力量在我们中间了吗?还有什么比战争和战争的威胁更异己呢?
And everyone neath their vine and fig tree 葡萄树与无花果树下的每个人
shall live in peace and unafraid, 都能平安、无惧地生活。
Everyone neath their vine and fig tree 葡萄树与无花果树下的每个人
shall live in peace and unafraid. 都能平安、无惧地生活。
And into ploughshares beat their swords 将剑打成犁头,
Nations shall learn war no more. 各国不再学习战事。
And into ploughshares beat their swords 将剑打成犁头,
Nations shall learn war no more. 各国不再学习战事。
O' beautiful, for spacious skies 噢,无垠的天空如此美丽
But now those skies are threatening 但如今天空正在威胁
They're beating plowshares into swords 它们正铸犁为剑
For this tired old man that we elected king 因为我们选了那位老人为王
Create a world with no fear 创造一个免于恐惧的世界
Together we'll cry happy tears 我们将喜极而泣
See the nations turn 看着天下万国
Their swords into plowshares 将剑铸成犁头
They will live again in freedom 他们将在自由里重生
In the garden of the Lord. 在主的田园里。
They will walk behind the ploughshare, 他们会走在犁把后面,
They will put away the sword. 他们将放下利剑。
The chain will be broken 枷锁将被打碎,
And all men will have their reward. 所有人都将得到应有的回报。
Don’t stop after beating the swords 铸剑为犁之后不要停下,
into plowshares, don’t stop! Go on beating 不要停下!继续打
and make musical instruments out of them. 将它们造成乐器。
Whoever wants to make war again 谁若想再挑起战争
will have to turn them into plowshares first. 必先把它们重新打成犁。
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