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鈉(原子量:22.98976928(2))共有22個已知同位素,質量數介於18-37之間,其中只有1個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性,因此鈉屬於單一同位素元素。天然存在的鈉同位素有3個,分別是穩定的23Na和具放射性的22Na及24Na,其中23Na占天然鈉的絕大部分,而22Na和24Na在自然界中僅痕量存在,為宇宙射線散裂所產生。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中,只有在實驗室製造出來過,且半衰期都極短,非常不穩定。
符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 Na |
11 | 7 | 7001180259700000000♠18.02597(5) | 6979129999999999999♠1.3(4)×10−21 s | p (>99.9%) | 17Ne | (1−)# | |
β+ (<.1%) | 18Ne | |||||||
19 Na |
11 | 8 | 7001190138770000000♠19.013877(13) | <40 ns | p | 18Ne | (5/2+)# | |
20 Na |
11 | 9 | 7001200073510000000♠20.007351(7) | 447.9(23) ms | β+ (75%) | 20Ne | 2+ | |
β+, α (25%) | 16O | |||||||
21 Na |
11 | 10 | 7001209976552000000♠20.9976552(8) | 22.49(4) s | β+ | 21Ne | 3/2+ | |
22 Na |
11 | 11 | 7001219944364000000♠21.9944364(4) | 2.6027(10) y | β+ | 22Ne | 3+ | 痕量[n 4] |
22m Na |
583.03(9) keV | 244(6) ns | 1+ | |||||
23 Na |
11 | 12 | 7001229897692809000♠22.9897692809(29) | 稳定 | 3/2+ | 7000100000000000000♠1.0000 | ||
24 Na |
11 | 13 | 7001239909627800000♠23.99096278(8) | 7004538524000000000♠14.9590(12) h | β− | 24Mg | 4+ | 痕量[n 4] |
24m Na |
472.207(9) keV | 20.20(7) ms | IT (99.95%) | 24Na | 1+ | |||
β− (.05%) | 24Mg | |||||||
25 Na |
11 | 14 | 7001249899540000000♠24.9899540(13) | 59.1(6) s | β− | 25Mg | 5/2+ | |
26 Na |
11 | 15 | 7001259926330000000♠25.992633(6) | 1.077(5) s | β− | 26Mg | 3+ | |
27 Na |
11 | 16 | 7001269940770000000♠26.994077(4) | 301(6) ms | β− (99.87%) | 27Mg | 5/2+ | |
β−, n (.13%) | 26Mg | |||||||
28 Na |
11 | 17 | 7001279989380000000♠27.998938(14) | 30.5(4) ms | β− (99.421%) | 28Mg | 1+ | |
β−, n (.579%) | 27Mg | |||||||
29 Na |
11 | 18 | 7001290028610000000♠29.002861(14) | 44.9(12) ms | β− (74.09%) | 29Mg | 3/2(+#) | |
β−, n (25.91%) | 28Mg | |||||||
30 Na |
11 | 19 | 7001300089760000000♠30.008976(27) | 48.4(17) ms | β− (68.83%) | 30Mg | 2+ | |
β−, n (30.0%) | 29Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n (1.17%) | 28Mg | |||||||
β−, α | 26Ne | |||||||
31 Na |
11 | 20 | 7001310135900000000♠31.01359(23) | 17.0(4) ms | β− (62.05%) | 31Mg | (3/2+) | |
β−, n | 30Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n | 29Mg | |||||||
β−, 3n | 28Mg | |||||||
32 Na |
11 | 21 | 7001320204700000000♠32.02047(38) | 12.9(7) ms | β− | 32Mg | (3−,4−) | |
β−, n | 31Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n | 30Mg | |||||||
33 Na |
11 | 22 | 7001330267200000000♠33.02672(94) | 8.2(2) ms | β−, n (52.0%) | 32Mg | 3/2+# | |
β− (36.0%) | 33Mg | |||||||
β−, 2n (12.0%) | 31Mg | |||||||
34 Na |
11 | 23 | 7001340351700000000♠34.03517(96)# | 5.5(10) ms | β−, 2n (50.0%) | 32Mg | 1+ | |
β− (35.0%) | 34Mg | |||||||
β−, n (15.0%) | 33Mg | |||||||
35 Na |
11 | 24 | 7001350424900000000♠35.04249(102)# | 1.5(5) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 35Mg | 3/2+# | |
β−, n (<.1%) | 34Mg | |||||||
37 Na |
11 | 26 | 37.05934(103)# | 1# ms [>1.5 µs] | 3/2+# |
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氖的同位素 | 鈉的同位素 | 鎂的同位素 |