達爾文獎章

提示：此条目页的主题不是達爾文獎或达尔文-华莱士奖章。

達爾文獎章（英語：Darwin Medal）是英國皇家學會每兩年頒發一次的獎項，表揚“查爾斯·達爾文對於生物學領域公認貢獻，特別是進化、種群生物學、有機體生物學和生物多樣性方面”。該獎項於1890年首次頒發，旨在紀念查爾斯·達爾文，得主可獲得2,000英鎊獎金（截至2016年）^[1]。

達爾文獎章與大多數皇家學會頒發獎章一樣，開放英聯邦或愛爾蘭候選人。

歷屆得主

年度	图像	得主	得奖原因	备注
1890年		阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士	"For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection."	[2]
1892年		约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克	"On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic botany, as evidenced by the "Genera Plantarum" and the "Flora Indica"; but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in the studies preliminary to the "Origin of Species"."	[3][4]
1894年		托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎	"For his researches in comparative anatomy, and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the "Origin of Species"."	[5][6]
1896年		乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·格拉西	"For his researches on the life history and societies of the Termitidae, and on the developmental relationship between Leptocephalus and the common eel and other muraenidae."	[7][8]
1898年		卡尔·皮尔逊	"For his work on the quantitative treatment of biological problems."	[9][10]
1900年		恩斯特·海克尔	"For his long-continued and highly important work in zoology all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism."	[11][12]
1902年		法蘭西斯·高爾頓	"For his numerous contributions to the exact study of heredity & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings."	[13][14]
1904年		威廉·贝特森	"For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity."	[15][16]
1906年		许霍·德弗里斯	"On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation."	[17][18]
1908年		奥古斯特·魏斯曼	"On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection."	[19][20]
1910年		罗兰·特里门	"On the ground of his South African bionomic researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin."	[21][22]
1912年		弗朗西斯·达尔文	"On the ground of his work in conjunction with Charles Darwin, and his researches in vegetable physiology."	[23][24]
1914年		爱德华·巴格诺尔·波尔顿	"On the ground of his researches in heredity."	[25][26]
1916年		伊夫·德拉熱	"On the ground of researches in zoology and biology."	[27]
1918年		亨利·費爾費爾德·奧斯本	"For his valuable researches on vertebrate morphology and palaeontology."	[28][29]
1920年			"On the ground of his work on scientific principles applied to the breeding of plants."	[30][31]
1922年	—		"For his researches in the science of genetics."	[32][33]
1924年		托马斯·亨特·摩尔根	"For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and cytology."	[34][35]
1926年		达金菲尔德·亨利·斯科特	"For his contributions to palaeophytology, particularly in relation to the period of coal."	[36]
1928年			"For the eminence of his contributions to ecological botany."	[37]
1930年		恩斯特·施密特	"For his work on extended oceanographical expeditions; and for his genetic studies in animals and plants."	[38][39]
1932年		卡尔·科伦斯	"As one of the three independent discoverers of Mendels publications; and for his distinguished researches in genetics."	[40]
1934年		阿尔伯特·查尔斯·苏厄德	"In recognition of his work as a palaeobotanist."	[41]
1936年	—		"In recognition of his long continued work for the advancement of marine biology, not only by his own researches but by the great influence he has exerted on very numerous investigations at Plymouth."	[42]
1938年			"In recognition of his work of acknowledged distinction in the field in which Darwin himself laboured."	[43][44]
1940年		詹姆斯·彼得·希尔	"For his contributions to the solution of problems bearing on the inter-relationships of the main groups of the Mammalia and on the phylogenetic history of the primates, a subject with which Charles Darwin himself was much concerned."	[45]
1942年	—	D·M·S·沃特森	"In recognition of his researches on primitive fishes and amphibians which have much advanced the knowledge of the evolution of these groups of animals."	[46]
1944年		约翰·斯坦利·加德纳	"In recognition of his work on coral reefs and on the organisms associated with such habitats."	[47]
1946年	—	达西·汤普森	"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology."	[48]
1948年		羅納德·愛爾默·費雪	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection, the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of dominance."	[49]
1950年			"For his distinguished contributions to the study of algology."	[50]
1952年		约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹	"In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations."	[51]
1954年	—	E·B·福特	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the genetical theory of evolution by natural selection, particularly in natural populations."	[52]
1956年		朱利安·赫胥黎	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution."	[53]
1958年	—	加文·德·比尔	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology."	[54]
1960年	—	E·J·H·科纳	"In recognition of his distinguished and strikingly original botanical work in tropical forests."	[55]
1962年	—	喬治·蓋洛德·辛普森	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory, based on a profound study of palaeontology, particularly of vertebrates."	[56]
1964年	—		"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of cytology and genetics."	[57]
1966年	—	哈罗德·M·福克斯	"In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena."	[58]
1968年	—		"In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology, particularly of the mollusca."	[59]
1970年	—	查尔斯·艾尔顿	"In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which, with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population, have had international impact."	[60]
1972年	—	戴维·赖克	"In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to ornithology and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms."	[61]
1974年	—		"In recognition of his outstanding work on natural populations of butterflies, describing and explaining the operation of natural selection and demonstrating the genetic basis upon which selection operates."	[62]
1976年	—		"In recognition of her discovery of and continuing work on chemical mutagenesis."	[63]
1978年			"In recognition of his discovery of somatic recombination in fungi which led to the elucidation of an important type of genetic variation."	[64]
1980年	—	休厄尔·赖特	"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory."	[65]
1982年	—	[[]]	"In recognition of their major contributions to plant physiology including fundamental studies on insectivorous plants, much of this research carried out jointly."	[66]
	—	[[]]
1984年		恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology."
1986年		约翰·梅纳德·史密斯	"In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution, in particular the evolution of sex."	[67]
1988年	—	威廉·唐納·漢彌爾頓	"In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory. His contributions include the theory of kin selection to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex."	[68]
1990年			"For his research on the population biology and evolution of plants which has greatly improved understanding of the adaptation of plants to their environment."	[69]
1992年		木村資生	"Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution, in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution."	[70]
1994年		彼得·劳伦斯	"In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect segmentation, and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information."	[71]
1996年		约翰·苏尔斯顿	"In recognition of his leadership in the study of genome analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology."	[72]
1998年	—	[[]]	"In recognition of their work on cereal genome organisation and evolution which has revolutionised cereal genetics by showing that the genetics of all the different cereals can be considered in a common framework."	[73]
	—	[[]]
2000年	—	布赖恩·查尔斯沃思	"In recognition of his distinguished work on selection in age-structured populations, extending the theory to the evolution of ageing, and testing the theories of mutation accumulation and pleiotropy, developing models for the evolution of genetic systems, including sex and recombination, inbreeding and outbreeding, separate sexes and sex chromosomes, segregation distortion and repetitive DNA."	[74]
2002年		[[]]	""
2004年		恩里科·科恩	"for their ground-breaking discoveries about the control of flower development. They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development."
		罗斯玛丽·卡彭特
2006年		尼克·巴頓	"for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology, characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties."
2008年		[[]]	""
2010年		布莱恩·坎贝尔·克拉克	"for his original and influential contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of evolution."
2012年		[[]]	""
2014年		约翰·D·萨瑟兰	"for his novel and convincing work on prebiotic chemistry, in particular his solution to the central problem of nucleoside synthesis."
2016年		卡洛琳·迪恩	"for her work addressing fundamental questions in the perception of temperature cues and how modifications in epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in adaptation."
2018年	—	[[]]	""
2019年	—	彼得·W·H·霍兰	"for his work with many organisms and genes elucidating key aspects of how changes in the genome influence evolution of animal development"	[75][76]
2020年	—	[[]]	""
2021年	—	[[]]	""
2022年	—	马丁·恩布利	"for his fundamental, paradigm-changing contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial endosymbiosis and the origins of eukaryotes in a new two-domain tree of life."	[77]
2023年	—	[[]]	""

參考資料

1. Darwin Medal. The Royal Society. [2016-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-14）.
2. The Encyclopædia Britannica Guide to the 100 Most Influential Scientists – The Most Important Scientists from Ancient Greece to the Present Day. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008: 201 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-1-59339-846-0. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
3. Macaulay, James; Miller, William Haig; Stevens, William (编). The Leisure Hour 42. W. Stevens. 1893: 503 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
4. Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener and Home Farmer 25. Journal of Horticulture Office. 1892: 483 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books. |issue=被忽略 (帮助)
5. Culverwell, Edward P. A Criticism of the Astronomical Theory of the Ice age. Nature. 1896, 1036 (1306): 35 [22 January 2022]. S2CID 4038444. doi:10.1038/051033d0  –通过the Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
6. Hall, Marie Boas. The Royal Society in Thomas Henry Huxley's Time. Notes and Records (Royal Society). 1984, 38 (2): 158 [22 January 2022]. JSTOR 531815. PMID 11615965. S2CID 26685508. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1984.0010. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022）. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
7. Tyagi, B. K. The Invincible Deadly Mosquitoes. Scientific Publishers. 2004: 68 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-93-87741-30-0. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
8. Berti, Lucia. Scientific Crosscurrents Between Italy and England – Italian contributions to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 17th–19th centuries (PDF) (PhD论文). University of Milan: 227. 2018–19 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于11 May 2020）.
9. Knowledge 22. Wyman-Gordon. 1917: 13 [22 January 2022] –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
10. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Royal Society. 1896: xvii [22 January 2022]. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
11. Notes. Nature (Royal Society). 1900, 63 (1619): 34–39 [22 January 2022]. Bibcode:1900Natur..63...34.. doi:10.1038/063034a0. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022）. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
12. Midland Medical Union. The BMJ (British Medical Association). 1900, 1516 (2082): 1516. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2464136 . PMID 20759293.
13. Galton, David J. In Our Own Image – Eugenics and the Genetic Modification of People. Little, Brown and Company. 2001: 87 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-0-316-85592-1 –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
14. Francis Galton – The Life and Work of a Victorian Genius. Taplinger Publishing Company. 1974: 253 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-0-8008-2682-6 –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
15. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 9. Royal Society. 1905: 166 [22 January 2022] –通过the Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
16. Wade, Michael J. William Bateson: Variation, Heredity, and Speciation (Review). Evolution (Society for the Study of Evolution). 2009, 63 (10): 2769. JSTOR 27743433. S2CID 86284443. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00754.x .
17. The Salaries of Professors. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 1906, 24 (621): 671 [22 January 2022]. JSTOR 1632229 .
18. East, E. M. Hugo De Vries (1848–1935). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (American Academy of Arts and Sciences). 1936, 70 (10): 523 [22 January 2022]. ISSN 0027-8424. JSTOR 20023166. （原始内容存档于22 May 2021）. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
19. Educational Review. Society for the Advancement of Education. 1908: 534 [22 January 2022]. ISSN 0190-4191 –通过the Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
20. Lee, Thomas F. The Human Genome Project – Cracking the Genetic Code of Life. Springer Publishing. 2013: 43 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-1-4899-6022-1. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
21. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 15. Royal Society. 1911: 173 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
22. Fenwick, Simon. A Guide to the Archives of the Royal Entomological Society. Taylor & Francis. 2017: 66 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-1-351-96247-6. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
23. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 17. Harrison and Sons. 1913: 177 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
24. Cattell, J. McKeen. The Popular Science Monthly 82. The Science Press. 1913: 104 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
25. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 19. Harrison and Sons. 1915: 174 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
26. Salmon, Michael. The Aurelian Legacy – A History of British Butterflies and Their Collectors. Brill Publishers. 2021: 188 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-90-04-47547-2. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
27. The Royal Society. The Guardian. 16 November 1916: 3 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Newspapers.com.
28. J., Strachan. Nature – A Weekly Illustrated Journal Of Science 102. Macmillan Publishers. 1919: 229 [22 January 2022] –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
29. Woodward, A. Smith. Henry Fairfield Osborn. 1857–1935. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society (Royal Society). 1936, 2 (5): 71 [22 January 2022]. Bibcode:1936AmJS...31..158L. JSTOR 769129. doi:10.2475/ajs.s5-31.182.158. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022）. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
30. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 25. Harrison and Sons. 1925: 154 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
31. The Year's Medals. The Times. 1 December 1920: 14 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Newspapers.com.
32. Chemistry at the Boston Meeting of the American Association. Science. 1922, 56 (1457): 629 [February 1, 2022]. Bibcode:1922Sci....56..628.. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.56.1457.628 –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
33. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 27. Harrison and Sons. 1923: 158 [February 1, 2022]. （原始内容存档于7 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
34. Year-book of the Royal Society of London. Harrison and Sons. 1925: 168 [February 2, 2022]. （原始内容存档于7 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
35. The Renaissance of Science – The Story of the Cell and Biology : The Magnificent Scientists and Their Fabulous Accomplishments, a Fantastic Dream and Journey Into the Past, Present and Future in the World of Biology. Abbott Communications Group. 2015: 488 [February 2, 2022]. ISBN 978-0-692-48512-5. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
36. Jones, C. Femininity, Mathematics and Science, 1880–1914. Palgrave Macmillan. 2009: 126 [February 2, 2022]. ISBN 978-0-230-24665-2. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
37. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 33. Harrison and Sons. 1929: 168 [February 2, 2022]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
38. Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science. 141–142. London Chemical news Office. 1930: 397 [February 2, 2022]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
39. Poulsen, Bo. Global Marine Science and Carlsberg - The Golden Connections of Johannes Schmidt (1877–1933). Brill Publishers. 2016: 419 [February 5, 2022]. ISBN 978-90-04-31639-3. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
40. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 112. Royal Society. 1932: 181 [February 5, 2022]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
41. The Chemist and Druggist. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. 1934: 564 [February 5, 2022] –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
42. The Periodical 21–22. Oxford University Press. 1936: 141 [February 5, 2022]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
43. Biological Sciences 128. Royal Society. 1938: 285 [5 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
44. Royal Society Medals. The Guardian. 4 November 1938: 10 [5 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2022） –通过Newspapers.com.
45. Smith, Kathleen K. J. P. Hill and Katherine Watson's Studies of the Neural Crest in Marsupials. Journal of Morphology (Wiley). 2020, 281 (12): 1569 [February 7, 2022]. PMID 32960453. S2CID 221844542. doi:10.1002/jmor.21270. （原始内容存档于7 February 2022）. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
46. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 1942: 555 [8 February 2022] –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
47. Nature: A Weekly Journal Of Science 154. Macmillan Publishers. 1944: 602 [8 February 2022] –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
48. Nature 158. Nature Portfolio. 1946: 781 [8 February 2022] –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
49. McGrath, Alister E. Dawkins' God: Genes, Memes, and the Meaning of Life. Wiley-Blackwell. 2005: 78 [8 February 2022]. ISBN 978-1-4051-2539-0 –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
50. Electronic Engineering 23. Morgan-Grampian. 1951: 41 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
51. Darwin Medal for Professor Haldane. The Guardian. 8 November 1952 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Newspapers.com.
52. The Australian Journal of Science 17–18. Australian Research Council. 1954: 126 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
53. Clark, Ronald. The Huxleys. Heinemann. 1968: 335 [8 February 2022]. ISBN 978-0-434-13580-6 –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
54. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 14–16. Royal Society. 1960: 145 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
55. Year-book of the Royal Society of London. Harrison and Sons. 1961: 159 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
56. Year-book of the Royal Society of London. Harrison and Sons. 1963: 166 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
57. Medal for Professor. Birmingham Post. 14 November 1964 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Newspapers.com.
58. Report of the Society for 1966. London Naturalist (London Natural History Society). 1967, 46: 7 [8 February 2022] –通过Internet Archive. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
59. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 73. Harrison and Sons. 1969: 186 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
60. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 26–27. Royal Society. 1971: 114 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
61. The Ibis 115. British Ornithologists' Union. 1973: 310 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
62. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 30–31. Royal Society. 1976: 105 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
63. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 32–34. Royal Society. 1978: 107 [8 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
64. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 91. Harrison and Sons. 1987: 243 [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
65. Year-book of the Royal Society of London 85. Harrison and Sons. 1981: 228 [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
66. Report of Council. Royal Society. 1980: 12 [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
67. The Award of Medals by the President, Sir George Porter, at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1986. Proceedings of the Royal Society (Royal Society). 1987, 230 (1259): 101–105 [9 February 2022]. Bibcode:1987RSPSB.230..101.. JSTOR 36055. S2CID 202575472. doi:10.1098/rspb.1987.0012. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过JSTOR. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
68. College Notes (PDF). The Eagle. Vol. LXXI no. 297 (St John's College). 1989: 56 [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于8 February 2022）.
69. Professor John Harper: Plant Ecologist. The Times. 21 May 2009 [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022）. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
70. Atiyah, Michael. Address of the President, Sir Michael Atiyah, O.M., Given at the Anniversary Meeting on 30 November 1992. Notes and Records (Royal Society). 1993, 47 (1): 116 [9 February 2022]. JSTOR 531398. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过JSTOR. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
71. Peter Lawrence. Royal Society. [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 December 2021）.
72. Royal Society Awards & Honours. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于17 November 2021）.
73. Annual Report. The Centre. 1998: 103 [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于8 February 2022） –通过Google Books.
74. Glittering Prizes. Times Higher Education. 15 September 2000 [9 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于7 March 2021）. 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
75. Four of Oxford's leading scientists scoop Royal Society awards. University of Oxford. 18 July 2019 [5 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于18 July 2019）.
76. Peter Holland Awarded 2019 Darwin Medal. Merton College, Oxford. 18 July 2019 [5 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于13 October 2019）.
77. Leading scientist awarded a prestigious medal by the Royal Society. Newcastle University. August 24, 2022 [September 19, 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-21）.

外部链接

• Award winners : Darwin Medal. The Royal Society. [2016-07-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-07）.