達摩鯊屬(学名:Isistius)為黑棘鮫科下的一屬,是全世界第二小的鯊魚,本屬物種最大的特徵在於牠們奇特的齒式與覓食行為[2]。
- 雪茄達摩鯊 Isistius brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
- 大齒達摩鯊 Isistius plutodus Garrick & S. Springer, 1964
- †Isistius triangulus Probst, 1879
- †Isistius trituratus Winkler, 1876
和其他鯊魚一樣,達摩鯊一生也會不斷替換牙齒。但是牠們在替換牙齒時,會一次替換整組而不是單顆牙齒[3]。
達摩鯊通常會攻擊魚群,或者在漁船附近巡遊尋找容易攻擊的獵物。牠們會游到獵物的身邊,用其尖銳的牙齒直接咬下一口肉並離開。一些大型海洋生物如旗魚、鯨豚等身上常常可以看到達摩鯊啃咬所留下的傷口[4]。達摩鯊一次可以吃下將近體重 50% 的食物。
Jones, E. C. 1971. Isistius brasiliensis. a squaloid shark. the probable cause of crater wounds on fishes and cetaceans; Fish. Bull. 69.791-98.
Strasburg, Donald W.; The Diet and Dentition of Isistius brasiliensis, with Remarks on Tooth Replacement in Other Sharks; Copeia, Vol. 1963, No. 1, Mar. 30, 1963 (pp. 33-40) Published by: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1441272 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Papastamatiou Yannis P., Wetherbee, Brad M., O'Sullivan, John, Goodmanlowe Gwen D. Lowe, Christopher G.; Foraging ecology of Cookiecutter Sharks (Isistius brasiliensis) on pelagic fishes in Hawaii, inferred from prey bite wounds.; Environmental Biology of Fishes, Volume 88, Number 4, 361-368, doi:10.1007/s10641-010-9649-2