2004年2月6日,《科學》雜誌報導了兩支隊伍,英國國家醫學研究院(National Institute for Medical Research)和美國斯克利普斯研究院(Scripps Research Institute),重建了1918流感的紅血球凝集素(hemagglutinin;HA 醣蛋白),並從中了解該蛋白分子如何改變形狀來允許其從鳥類移到人類身上。
1918年,中國從南到北多個地區都爆發了疫情。1918年5月,溫州有萬余人感染流感。6月,在廣東學校、郵政局雇員中首先發現了流感病人,緊接著,精神病院、神學院等地方也陸續發生流感。7月,雲南个旧突然暴發疫情,而且十分嚴重,絕大多數居民都患了病,其它地方的疫情也相繼暴發。北京疫情“傳染甚速”,上海死亡400多人。疫情嚴重時,浙江紹興死亡人數高達10%,當時報載:“一村之中十室九家,一家之人,十人九死,貧苦之戶最居多數,哭聲相應,慘不忍聞。”棺木所售一空,“枕尸待裝不知其數”[77]。在中國,死亡人數的估計差異很大[78][58],這現象反映了由於軍閥時期而缺乏收集健康數據。帕特森和派爾(Pyle and Pyle)於1991年對中國的死亡人數進行了首次估計,估計中國的死亡人數在500到900萬之間。然而這項1991年的研究後來因方法有缺陷而遭到後來的研究批評,而新的研究則發表中國的死亡率遠低許多的估計[45][78][79]。例如,飯島涉於1998年根據中國港口城市提供的有效資料,估計中國的死亡人數在100到128萬之間[78]。正如飯島涉所指出的[80]:
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