聖母悼歌

《聖母悼歌》（拉丁文：Stabat Mater Dolorosa，或簡寫為 Stabat Mater），是一首起源於13世紀天主教會聖詩，用以描繪了馬利亞作為母親在兒子耶穌基督被釘十字架時所遭受痛苦的歌曲。其作者有幾種不同說法，包括聖法蘭西斯教團（英语：Order of Saint Francis）的雅各布内·達·托迪（英语：Jacopone da Todi）及教宗依諾增爵三世。該歌內容與痛苦聖母有關^[1][2][3]。

羅希爾·范德魏登所作「基督釘十字架 (加爾瓦略)」，哀悼的聖母和聖約翰分立兩側，1457-1464。現藏西班牙埃斯科里亞爾修道院。

歌詞及翻譯

拉丁原文 Stabat mater dolorosa juxta Crucem lacrimosa, dum pendebat Filius. Cuius animam gementem, contristatam et dolentem pertransivit gladius. O quam tristis et afflicta fuit illa benedicta, mater Unigeniti! Quae mœrebat et dolebat, pia Mater, dum videbat nati pœnas inclyti. Quis est homo qui non fleret, matrem Christi si videret in tanto supplicio? Quis non posset contristari Christi Matrem contemplari dolentem cum Filio? Pro peccatis suæ gentis vidit Iesum in tormentis, et flagellis subditum. Vidit suum dulcem Natum moriendo desolatum, dum emisit spiritum. Eia, Mater, fons amoris me sentire vim doloris fac, ut tecum lugeam. Fac, ut ardeat cor meum in amando Christum Deum ut sibi complaceam. Sancta Mater, istud agas, crucifixi fige plagas cordi meo valide. Tui Nati vulnerati, tam dignati pro me pati, pœnas mecum divide. Fac me tecum pie flere, crucifixo condolere, donec ego vixero. Juxta Crucem tecum stare, et me tibi sociare in planctu desidero. Virgo virginum præclara, mihi iam non sis amara, fac me tecum plangere. Fac, ut portem Christi mortem, passionis fac consortem, et plagas recolere. Fac me plagis vulnerari, fac me Cruce inebriari, et cruore Filii. Flammis ne urar succensus, per te, Virgo, sim defensus in die iudicii. Christe, cum sit hinc exire, da per Matrem me venire ad palmam victoriæ. Quando corpus morietur, fac, ut animæ donetur paradisi gloria. Amen.

英譯 At the Cross her station keeping, stood the mournful Mother weeping, close to her Son to the last. Through her heart, His sorrow sharing, all His bitter anguish bearing, now at length the sword has passed. O how sad and sore distressed was that Mother, highly blest, of the sole-begotten One. Christ above in torment hangs, she beneath beholds the pangs of her dying glorious Son. Is there one who would not weep, whelmed in miseries so deep, Christ's dear Mother to behold? Can the human heart refrain from partaking in her pain, in that Mother's pain untold? For the sins of His own nation, She saw Jesus wracked with torment, All with scourges rent: She beheld her tender Child, Saw Him hang in desolation, Till His spirit forth He sent. O thou Mother! fount of love! Touch my spirit from above, make my heart with thine accord: Make me feel as thou hast felt; make my soul to glow and melt with the love of Christ my Lord. Holy Mother! pierce me through, in my heart each wound renew of my Savior crucified: Let me share with thee His pain, who for all my sins was slain, who for me in torments died. Let me mingle tears with thee, mourning Him who mourned for me, all the days that I may live: By the Cross with thee to stay, there with thee to weep and pray, is all I ask of thee to give. Virgin of all virgins blest!, Listen to my fond request: let me share thy grief divine; Let me, to my latest breath, in my body bear the death of that dying Son of thine. Wounded with His every wound, steep my soul till it hath swooned, in His very Blood away; Be to me, O Virgin, nigh, lest in flames I burn and die, in His awful Judgment Day. Christ, when Thou shalt call me hence, be Thy Mother my defense, be Thy Cross my victory; While my body here decays, may my soul Thy goodness praise, Safe in Paradise with Thee. 由愛德華·卡斯禾爾（英语：Edward Caswall）翻譯 並收錄於《Lyra Catholica》(1849)

中譯 聖母痛苦恃立， 泣淚在十字架旁， 聖子耶穌釘掛在其上。 她的心靈哀嘆， 憂傷與悲痛， 如刀刃刺穿了她。 哦，多麼悲哀和不幸！ 神聖的母親， 唯一的兒子。 慈愛的母親多麼悲哀傷心！ 注視著她那受盡折磨的， 榮耀的兒子。 有誰會不落淚？ 當他看到耶穌的母親， 沉浸在巨大的悲痛中！ 有誰會不同情？ 當他見到耶穌的母親， 在那裡哀悼她的兒子。 她目睹耶穌備受折磨， 遭受鞭撻， 替那些罪孽的人們。 她注視著自己高貴的兒子， 垂死的被遺棄的兒子， 當他交出自己的靈魂之時， 哦，母親，愛的源泉， 一份深深的苦痛， 將我環繞，令我與你同悲共悼。 讓我體驗到你的感受， 讓我的靈魂燃燒融化， 隨同我主耶穌之大愛。 神聖的母親，願准予這恩惠， 將十字架上的苦難銘刻在， 我的內心深處。 一陣劇痛穿過我身， 自你的遭受創傷的， 為我而屈尊受難的兒子。 讓我伴你流淚哭泣， 十字架上的那份巨大痛楚， 貫穿我的一生一世。 在十字架旁隨你佇立， 在淚水中同你相伴， 那是我的願望。 哦，真福童貞女，所有童貞女中的卓越者， 不要將我輕視遺忘， 讓我伴你悲歎哭泣！ 願允我承受耶穌那樣的死亡， 讓我分獲他那樣的激情， 銘記他的受難。 讓我受盡傷痛， 沉醉於他的十字架， 以及聖子的鮮血。 免我受烈火燒燃， 哦，真福童貞女！ 在最後的審判之日求你庇護。 基督，當我離此塵世， 賜我倚侍聖母恩慈， 到達勝利的光榮。 當我的軀體死去， 讓我的靈魂獲賜， 天國的榮耀。亞孟（阿們）。

音樂創作

不少作曲家都有為《聖母悼歌》撰寫樂曲，其中最早期的文藝復興時期有若斯坎·德普雷、拉素士、帕勒斯蒂納及夏邦泰耶^[4]；巴洛克時期則有韋華第、史卡拉第、海頓、鮑凱利尼等，當中彼高利斯的作品（英语：Stabat Mater (Pergolesi)）更被音樂界公認為《聖母悼歌》中代表作^[4]。至於古典時期，舒伯特曾寫過兩首；另外羅西尼的作品（英语：Stabat Mater (Rossini)）亦是此時期的代表作；到了浪漫時期及民族主義時期，來自歐洲不同地域的作曲家，如李斯特、德伏扎克、威爾第及史丹福等都各自寫成了《聖母悼歌》。到了近代，史曼諾夫斯基、浦朗克、潘德列茨基、帕特、以致卡爾·贊堅斯都有創作相關題裁的曲目^[4]。

參考文獻

1. Sabatier, Paul Life of St. Francis Assisi Charles Scribner Press, NY, 1919, page 286
2. The seven great hymns of the Mediaeval Church by Charles Cooper Nott 1868 ASIN: B003KCW2LA page 96
3. p. 574, Alighieri, Durling, Martinez (2003) Dante, Robert M., Ronald L. Oxford The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Purgatorio Volume 2 of The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri Oxford University Press. "The Stabat Mater by the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi."
4. Dvořák: Stabat Mater. Oratorio for Soloists, Chorus and Orchestra at Supraphon website.

外部連結

• Website about (now) 250 different Stabat Mater compositions: information about the composers, the music and the text. The site also includes translations of the text in 20 languages.
• Several English translations
• Chant performed by "Exsurge Domine" vocal ensemble. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Karol Szymanowski's "Stabat Mater" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra. Thomas Dausgaard, conductor. Live concert.