石鱉是軟體動物門多板纲(學名:Polyplacophora)物種的通稱,又名石鱉綱(Loricata[1]),約有900多個物種[2]。其特徵為內圈一般都有八片緊鄰排列之硬殼,外圈則是肌肉組織。
石鱉為海生軟體動物,大部分物種生活在潮间带和潮下带浅水区的岩石上,常可在退潮后的潮间带岩石上见到,但也有一些物种生活在较深海域[3]。可以食用。
現時本綱物種的分類基本上依從Sirenko (2006)的分類,大致如下[4]:
- 多板纲 Polyplacophora de Blainville, 1816
- 古石鱉亞綱 Paleoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- Order Chelodida Bergenhayn, 1943
- Order Septemchitonida Bergenhayn, 1955
- 新石鱉亞綱 Neoloricata Bergenhayn, 1955
- 石鳖目 Chitonida Thiele, 1909:包括多板纲中绝大多数的种类,例如:花斑锉石鳖。
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Acanthochitonina
- Superfamily Cryptoplacoidea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- 毛肤石鳖科 Acanthochitonidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Cryptoplacidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- Family Hemiarthridae Sirenko, 1997
- Family Makarenkoplacidae Sirenko & Dell'Angelo, 2015 †
- Superfamily Mopalioidea Dall, 1889
- 石鳖亞目 Chitonina
- Superfamily Chitonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Callistoplacidae Pilsbry, 1893
- Family Callochitonidae Plate, 1901
- Family Chaetopleuridae Plate, 1899
- 石鱉科 Chitonidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 薄石鱉科 Ischnochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Loricidae Iredale & Hull, 1923
- Family Spinochitonidae Dell'Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018 †
- Superfamily Schizochitonoidea Dall, 1889
- Schizochitonidae Dall, 1889
- 鳞侧石鳖目 Lepidopleurida Thiele, 1909:例如鳞侧石鳖(Lepidopleurus)。
- 毛肤石鳖亚目 Lepidopleurina Thiele, 1909:体呈长形或椭圆形,大小不一。例如:紅条毛肤石鳖
- Family Abyssochitonidae Dell'Angelo & Palazzi, 1989
- 漢利石鱉科 Hanleyidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- 鳞侧石鳖科 Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889
- Family Nierstraszellidae Sirenko, 1992
- Family [[Protochitonidae Ashby, 1925}} †
- 目地位未定(Incertae sedis)
- Family Scanochitonidae Bergenhayn, 1955
- Family Olingechitonidae Starobogatov et Sirenko, 1977
- Family Haeggochitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
- Family Ivoechitonidae Sirenko et Starobogatov, 1977
Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Polyplacophora. MolluscaBase. 2009-01-30 [2018-11-09] –通过WoRMS.
Sirenko, B.I. New outlook on the system of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Venus. 2006, 65 (1-2): 27–49 (英语).