目前已知的真核起始因子中,eIF2B与人类遗传病的关系最为密切。eIF2B的五个亚基基因的常染色体遗传性隐性突变会导致白质异常,在临床上表现为一系列严重的连续症状,称为“eIF2B相关紊乱”。典型的如脑白质病,即白质消失(vanishing white matter,VWM)和卵巢衰竭(ovarian failure)。这种紊乱疾病持续时间久,伴随年龄增长而不断恶化,而且当感染发烧或轻微脑部外伤都可以恶化病情而导致死亡。最严重时会在婴儿期就造成死亡,而如果持续到最后会导致成人卵巢发育失败并可能伴随神经退化。[18][19]
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