理查德·坎蒂隆(法語:Richard Cantillon),或譯康梯龍、坎蒂倫,(1680s – May 1734),愛爾蘭裔法國經濟學家。他著有《商業性質概論》(Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général)一書,被英國經濟學者威廉姆·斯坦利·傑文斯評為「政治經濟學的搖籃」。現今研究對坎蒂隆的生平所知甚少,但知道他在很年輕時便已躋身成功的銀行家和商人。他的成就,在很大程度上,是透過他的家庭以及他的早期雇主詹姆斯·布里奇斯公爵,操弄政治與商業關係而來。1710年代晚期至1720年代初期,坎蒂隆投机并参与投資約翰·羅的密西西比公司,並從中獲取極大財富。然而,他為此招來其債務人的反制,對他提出各種訴訟、指控他涉嫌謀劃一場謀殺案,一直到坎蒂隆1734年逝世。
《概论》是坎蒂隆仅存的经济学著作。它是在1730年左右被写成,在很长一段时间里只是以手稿形式广泛传播,直至1755年被正式出版。尽管对重农主义和公平主义思想的早期发展具有重要影响,这部书被大众遗忘了很长时间,直到19世纪后期被傑文斯重新发现。银行家的生涯,尤其是密西西比公司投机泡沫的经历,对坎蒂隆思想形成影响很大。同时他受早期经济学家影响很大,尤其是威廉·配第。
《概论》被认为是历史上第一本对经济学问题进行了完整论述的著作。它的贡献包括:成因与效果的抽象分析方法,货币理论,他提出的企业家是风险承担者的概念,和区域经济学的发展。坎蒂隆的《概论》对政治经济学的早期发展具有重大的影响,包括亞當·斯密、安·杜爾哥、和魁奈的研究。
Rothbard 1995, p. 347; Hayek 1991, p. 246; Higgs 1891, p. 290
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