![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tenniel-TheRaven.jpg/640px-Tenniel-TheRaven.jpg&w=640&q=50)
烏鴉 (詩)
爱伦·坡所叙事诗 / 維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
《烏鴉》(英語:The Raven),又譯作《渡鴉》,是美國作家埃德加·愛倫·坡所著的一首敘事詩,於1845年1月首次出版。它的音調優美,措辭獨具風格,詩句並有著超自然的氛圍。它講述了一隻會說話的渡鴉對一名發狂的戀人的神祕拜訪,描繪了這個男人緩慢陷入瘋狂的過程。這名戀人,普遍被認為是一名學生[1][2],因失去他的所愛勒諾(Lenore)而深感悲痛。渡鴉坐在帕拉斯[錨點失效]胸像上,似乎在進一步煽動著他的憂傷,不斷重複著話語:「永不復焉。」此詩使用了眾多民間與古典的文獻。
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tenniel-TheRaven.jpg/320px-Tenniel-TheRaven.jpg)
愛倫·坡自認此詩寫得十分有邏輯與條理。他的目的是創作一首能皆在評論與大眾兩方引起共鳴的詩,同他在他1846年的後續評論《創作哲學》中所解釋的。此詩說話渡鴉的部分的靈感來自於查爾斯·狄更斯的《巴納比·拉奇:八零年代暴動的故事》[3]。愛倫·坡亦模仿了白朗寧的詩作《傑拉丁女士的求婚》的複雜節奏與韻律。全詩並使用句中韻以及頭韻法。
《烏鴉》於1845年1月29日進行首次印刷,由《紐約鏡像晚報》發行。它的出版使得愛倫·坡終身受到歡迎,儘管這並沒有為他帶來巨大的財富。此詩不久後便再版、受諧仿及加上插圖。儘管評論對其地位的見解並不一致,它仍是史上最著名的詩作之一。[4]
大綱
《烏鴉》一詩隨著一位不具名的旁白進行,在一個無趣的12月的夜晚裡,坐著朗讀一段「被遺忘的傳說」,來忘卻他的戀人麗諾爾逝去。
註釋
參考文獻
- Adams, John F. "Classical Raven Lore and Poe's Raven" in Poe Studies. Vol. V, no. 2, December 1972. Available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Forsythe, Robert. "Poe's 'Nevermore': A Note", as collected in American Literature 7. January, 1936.
- Granger, Byrd Howell. "Marginalia - Devil Lore in 'The Raven'" from Poe Studies vol. V, no. 2, December 1972 Available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Hirsch, David H. "The Raven and the Nightingale" as collected in Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu, edited by Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, Inc., 1990. ISBN 0-9616449-2-3
- Hoffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. ISBN 0-8071-2321-8
- Kopley, Richard and Kevin J. Hayes. "Two verse masterworks: 'The Raven' and 'Ulalume'", collected in The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-521-79727-6
- Krutch, Joseph Wood. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926.
- Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York City: Cooper Square Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8154-1038-7
- Moss, Sidney P. Poe's Literary Battles: The Critic in the Context of His Literary Milieu. Southern Illinois University Press, 1969.
- Ostrom, John Ward. "Edgar A. Poe: His Income as Literary Entrepreneur", collected in Poe Studies Vol. 5, no. 1. June 1982.
- Peeples, Scott. Edgar Allan Poe Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1998. ISBN 0-8057-4572-6
- Poe, Edgar Allan. Edgar Allan Poe: Complete Tales & Poems. Edison, NJ: Castle Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7858-1453-1
- Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. ISBN 0-06-092331-8
- Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York City: Checkmark Books, 2001. ISBN 0-8160-4161-X
- Thomas, Dwight and David K. Jackson. The Poe Log: A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe, 1809-1849. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1987. ISBN 0-7838-1401-1
- Weiss, Susan Archer. The Home Life of Poe. New York: Broadway Publishing Company, 1907.
外部連結
原文
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Full text of the first printing, from the American Review, 1845
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Full text of the final authorized printing, from the Richmond Semi-Weekly Examiner, 1849
評論
- 《渡鸦》夹注 “The Raven” annotated for Chinese readers (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Poe Decoder (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Essay on the symbols, words and composition of "The Raven"
- The Raven. With Literary and Historical Commentary by John H. Ingram. London G. Redway. 1885.
- "The Raven" Study Guide (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- "The Raven" study guide and teacher resources
- "The Raven – Amore in A Minor by Vladimir Voronsky"[永久失效連結]
圖本
音訊
- Reading of 'The Raven' and text (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Classic Poetry Aloud (MP3)
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), complete text and audio
- Garrison Keillor's rendition of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (RealAudio)
- Reading of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by LibriVox
- Audiobook recording with accompanying text of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Reading of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Martin Reyto
影片
- Video of Vincent Price giving a dramatic, however not always literal, reading of "The Raven"
- Official site (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) of the 2003 short film version by Trilobite Pictures
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) from The Simpsons Tree House of Horror
- Knowing Poe (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) John Astin gives a dramatic rendition of "The Raven".
多媒體