![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Europe_1812_map_en.png/640px-Europe_1812_map_en.png&w=640&q=50)
法蘭克福提案
維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
法蘭克福提案(英語:Frankfurt proposals)或法蘭克福備忘錄(英語:Frankfurt memorandum)是拿破崙在萊比錫戰役慘敗後由奥地利帝國外交部長克萊門斯·馮·梅特涅設計的聯盟和平倡議,目標是和平結束第六次反法同盟。出席會議的英國外交官阿伯丁勳爵誤判了倫敦立場,接受了這提案。[1][2]
沒有或很少條目链入本條目。 (2023年2月5日) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Europe_1812_map_en.png/640px-Europe_1812_map_en.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/France_Departement_1801.svg/640px-France_Departement_1801.svg.png)
提議法國由拿破崙繼續擔任皇帝,但法國將只剩法國革命者所稱的「自然邊界」以內。即比利牛斯山脈、阿爾卑斯山脈、萊茵河以內。保留對比利時、薩伏依、萊茵蘭(萊茵河西岸)的統治,但放棄在西班牙、波蘭、荷蘭、萊茵河以東的意大利、德國的領土。[3]
拿破崙和梅特涅在6月德累斯頓的私人會議討論過這提案。[4]最終版於11月由聖埃尼翁男爵轉達給拿破崙。[5] 梅特涅告訴拿破崙這是盟軍可能提供的最好條件;梅特涅這提案的動機是讓法國平衡俄羅斯的威脅,同時結束拿破崙戰爭。[6][7]
還想贏的拿破崙拖太久,倫敦在12月撤回提議。[8]
1813年聯軍深入法境,拿破崙終寡不敵眾,試圖重啟和談。[9]新條款嚴厲了不少,其包括法國退到其1791年的邊界,即放棄比利時、萊茵蘭領土。[10]拿破崙堅決拒絕,最終於1814年4月6日被迫退位逃到義大利的厄爾巴島。
參見
參考
- Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored; Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 1812-1822 (1957) pp 97-103
- Leggiere, Michael V. The Fall of Napoleon: Volume 1, The Allied Invasion of France, 1813-1814. Cambridge UP. 2007: 42–62. ISBN 9780521875424.
- Ross (1969), p 342
- Munro Price, "Napoleon and Metternich in 1813: some new and some neglected evidence," French History (2012) 26#4 pp 482-503.
- Robert Andrews, Napoleon: A Life (2014), pp 656-59, 685
- J. P. Riley. Napoleon and the World War of 1813: Lessons in Coalition Warfighting. Routledge. 2013: 206. ISBN 9781136321351.
- Andrews, Napoleon: A Life (2014), p 686
- Andrews, Napoleon: A Life (2014), p 695
延伸閱讀
- Roberts, Andrew. Napoleon: A Life (2014)
- Dwyer, Philip. Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power (2013) ch 22
- Dwyer, Philip G. "Self-Interest versus the Common Cause: Austria, Prussia and Russia against Napoleon," Journal of Strategic Studies (2008) 31#4 pp 605–632; explores why the Coalition held together so well in 1813-1814
- Esdaile, Charles. Napoleon's Wars: An International History 1803-1815 (2007) pp 217–18
- Kissinger, Henry A. A World Restored; Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 1812-1822 (1957) pp 97–103
- Leggiere, Michael V. The Fall of Napoleon: Volume 1, The Allied Invasion of France, 1813-1814. Cambridge UP. 2007: 42–62. ISBN 9780521875424.
- J. P. Riley. Napoleon and the World War of 1813: Lessons in Coalition Warfighting. Routledge. 2013: 206. ISBN 9781136321351.
- Ross, Stephen T. European Diplomatic History 1789-1815: France against Europe (1969) pp 342–344
- Ward, A.W. and G. P. Gooch, eds. The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783–1919: Volume I: 1783–1815 (1921) online pp 416–35;