Wink, M. Phylogeny of Old and New World vultures (Aves: Accipitridae and Cathartidae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 1995, 50 (11-12): 868–882.
Sibley, Charles G., and Jon E. Ahlquist. Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale University Press. 1991. ISBN 0-300-04085-7.
Cracraft, J., F. K. Barker, M. Braun, J. Harshman, G. J. Dyke, J. Feinstein, S. Stanley, A. Cibois, P. Schikler, P. Beresford, J. García-Moreno, M. D. Sorenson, T. Yuri, and D. P. Mindell. Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes): toward an avian tree of life. J. Cracraft and M. J. Donoghue, eds. (编). Assembling the tree of life. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004: 468-489.
Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. 2007-04-05 [2007-04-10]. (原始内容存档于2009-03-02).
Zim, Herbert Spencer; Robbins, Chandler S.; Bruun, Bertel. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Golden Publishing. 2001. ISBN 1-58238-090-2.
Kemp, Alan, and Ian Newton. New World Vultures. Christopher Perrins, ed. (编). The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. 2003. ISBN 1-55297-777-3.
Howell, Steve N.G., and Sophie Webb. A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995: 174. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
Terres, J. K. & National Audubon Society. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds Reprint of 1980 edition. 1991. ISBN 0-517-03288-0. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)