折衷鹦鹉属

折衷鸚鵡屬
	巴布亚红胁绿鹦鹉
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	鹦鹉目 Psittaciformes
科：	鹦鹉科 Psittaculidae
亚科：	亞澳鸚鵡亞科 Psittaculinae
族：	鹦鹉族 Psittaculini
属：	红胁绿鹦鹉属 Eclectus; Wagler, 1832
模式種
	Psittacus grandis; 红胁绿鹦鹉; Gmelin, JF, 1788
種
	見正文

红胁绿鹦鹉属（學名：Eclectus，台湾作折衷鸚鵡屬）是鸚形目舊世界鸚鵡科下的一個屬。^[2]本屬的物種分佈於印尼的摩鹿加群島和小巽他群島上，東至新幾內亞、所羅門群島和澳洲的約克角半島，現共有五個物種，其中一種已經絕滅。^[2]^[3]

事实速览 折衷鸚鵡屬, 科学分类 ...

关闭

亞澳鸚鵡族

折衷鸚鵡屬

Geoffroyus（英语：Geoffroyus）

	藍腰鸚鵡屬

	鹦鹉属、巨喙鸚鵡屬^{[註 1]}

扇尾鸚鵡屬

Psittaculini

據相關研究建立的親緣關係樹^[4]^[5]

該屬的首次命名出自於德國鳥類學家约翰·格奥尔格·瓦格勒於1832年的文章中。^[2]^[6]本屬在2023年之前於世界鳥類學家聯合會的名錄中一直為僅有折衷鸚鵡的單型屬，在當年的名錄更新中才加入了1個絕滅物種及3個自該物種下獨立的三個亞種為物種。^[2]^[7]這些被獨立的三個現存物種，皆為根據分子證據及雌鳥羽毛特徵不同而區分的。^[8]而絕滅種汤加红胁绿鹦鹉則是依據在更新世晚期和全新世沉積物地層中發現的化石及一幅由義大利探險家亞歷杭德羅·瑪拉斯賓娜（英语：Alejandro Malaspina）所帶領的探險隊於1793年時繪製的圖畫建立的。^[9]^[10]

在分類上，本屬位於亞澳鸚鵡亞科亞澳鸚鵡族下，為6個屬的其中一個。^[4]

折衷鸚鵡屬的鳥類是粗壯的大型鸚鵡，尾巴短而呈方形，其體長35至42公分，體重355至615公克。^[11]^[3]這些鸚鵡以其最為極端的雌雄異形著稱，但又不同於一般的鳥類：雄鳥的體色是保護性較佳的綠色，而雌鳥則是顯眼的紅色及紫色，並同樣可在幼鳥身上觀察到此一現象。^[3]^[12]這種極端的差距導致早期的動物學家誤認兩性是不同的鳥類，並分別描述，直到1874年才合併為同一個物種。^[13]在區分這些鸚鵡的品種時，多以雌鳥的紅紫區塊分別，而雄鳥則較難區分。^[3]

這種顏色反轉的結果被認為是因為熱帶雨林內的合適巢穴位置稀缺，進而導致了兩性體色的特殊差異。^[13]^[12]雄鳥因為因應躲避掠食者及求偶的需求下而演化出綠色的羽毛，這種羽毛能因應需求而展現出鳥類才能看見的紫外光色；而雌性需要為了爭奪巢穴及獲得巢穴後的隱匿性而選擇了紅色。^[13]

本屬的鳥類也因故會以一夫多妻及一妻多夫的方式繁殖，每隻雌鳥會與最多5隻雄鳥交配，而越多雄性餵養的雌性，及擁有乾燥巢穴位置的存活率最高；相對雄性也會為了留下多個自己的後代而餵養多個雌性。^[13]^[14]

本屬鸚鵡均受《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》所保護，並列於附錄二內。^[15]

本屬包含以下五個物種：^[2]

红胁绿鹦鹉 Eclectus roratus (Müller, PLS, 1776)
松巴红胁绿鹦鹉 Eclectus cornelia Bonaparte, 1850
塔岛红胁绿鹦鹉 Eclectus riedeli Meyer, AB, 1882
巴布亚红胁绿鹦鹉 Eclectus polychloros (Scopoli, 1786)
†汤加红胁绿鹦鹉 Eclectus infectus Steadman, 2006

[註 1]
關於該兩屬的多系群情況，請見鸚鵡屬。

[1]
H&M4 Checklist family by family - The Trust for Avian Systematics. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2023-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-20）（英语）.
[2]
International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. [2022-08-17] （英语）.
[3]
Forshaw, Joseph M.; Knight, Frank. Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Princeton University Press. 2010-09: 108–110. ISBN 9781400836208 （英语）.
[4]
Joseph, Leo; Toon, Alicia; Schirtzinger, Erin E.; Wright, Timothy F.; Schodde, Richard. A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). Zootaxa. 2012-02-24, 3205 (1): 26 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2. （原始内容存档于2022-04-30）（英语）.
[5]
Smith, Brian Tilston; Merwin, Jon; Provost, Kaiya L; Thom, Gregory; Brumfield, Robb T; Ferreira, Mateus; Mauck, William M; Moyle, Robert G; Wright, Timothy F; Joseph, Leo. Phylogenomic Analysis of the Parrots of the World Distinguishes Artifactual from Biological Sources of Gene Tree Discordance. Systematic Biology. 2023-05-19, 72 (1): 228–241 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac055. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.
[6]
Wagler, Johann Georg. Monographia Psittacorum. Königlich Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (编). Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1832: 495 [2023-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-27）（德语及拉丁语）.
[7]
Species Updates – IOC World Bird List. www.worldbirdnames.org. [2023-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-20）（英语）.
[8]
Braun, Michael P.; Reinschmidt, Matthias; Datzmann, Thomas; Waugh, David; Zamora, Rafael; Habich, Annett; Neves, Luis; Gerlach, Helga; Arndt, Thomas; Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia; sauer-Gurth, Hedwig; Wink, Michael. Influences of oceanic islands & the Pleistocene on the biogeography & evolution of two groups of Australasian parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes: Eclectus roratus, Trichoglossus haematodus complex). Rapid evolution & implications for taxonomy & conservation. European Journal of Ecology. 2017-12-01, 3 (2): 47–66 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 1339-8474. doi:10.1515/eje-2017-0014. （原始内容存档于2023-12-08）（英语）.
[9]
Olson, Storrs L. Birds, including extinct species, encountered by the Malaspina Expedition on Vava'u, Tonga, in 1793. Archives of Natural History. 2006-04, 33 (1): 42–52 [2023-10-27]. doi:10.3366/anh.2006.33.1.42. （原始内容存档于2023-10-27）（英语）.
[10]
Steadman, David W. A New Species of Extinct Parrot (Psittacidae: Eclectus ) from Tonga and Vanuatu, South Pacific. Pacific Science. 2006, 60 (1): 137–145 [2023-10-27]. doi:10.1353/psc.2005.0061. （原始内容存档于2023-11-18）（英语）.
[11]
Astuti, D. Genetic diversity of Indonesian protected eclectus parrot ( Eclectus roratus ) based on mitochondrial gene sequences. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020-11-11, 591: 012037 [2023-10-27]. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/591/1/012037. （原始内容存档于2023-10-27）.
[12]
Heinsohn, Robert; Legge, Sarah; Endler, John A. Extreme Reversed Sexual Dichromatism in a Bird Without Sex Role Reversal. Science. 2005-07-22, 309 (5734): 617–619 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1112774. （原始内容存档于2021-11-04）（英语）.
[13]
Heinsohn, Robert. Ecology and Evolution of the Enigmatic Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus Roratus). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery. 2008-06, 22 (2): 146–150 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 1082-6742. doi:10.1647/2007-031.1. （原始内容存档于2023-02-02）（英语）.
[14]
Heinsohn, Robert. The ecological basis of unusual sex roles in reverse-dichromatic eclectus parrots. Animal Behaviour. 2008-07-01, 76 (1): 97–103 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 0003-3472. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.013.
[15]
CITES. Appendices (PDF). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Main navigation. [2023-06-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-07-02）（英语）.

维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：折衷鸚鵡屬
維基物種上的相關信息：折衷鸚鵡屬

[4] [註 1]
關於該兩屬的多系群情況，請見鸚鵡屬。

[HM4-1] [1]
H&M4 Checklist family by family - The Trust for Avian Systematics. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2023-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-20）（英语）.

[IOC-2] [2]
International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. [2022-08-17] （英语）.

[Forshaw-3] [3]
Forshaw, Joseph M.; Knight, Frank. Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Princeton University Press. 2010-09: 108–110. ISBN 9781400836208 （英语）.

[Joseph-5] [4]
Joseph, Leo; Toon, Alicia; Schirtzinger, Erin E.; Wright, Timothy F.; Schodde, Richard. A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). Zootaxa. 2012-02-24, 3205 (1): 26 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2. （原始内容存档于2022-04-30）（英语）.

[Smith-6] [5]
Smith, Brian Tilston; Merwin, Jon; Provost, Kaiya L; Thom, Gregory; Brumfield, Robb T; Ferreira, Mateus; Mauck, William M; Moyle, Robert G; Wright, Timothy F; Joseph, Leo. Phylogenomic Analysis of the Parrots of the World Distinguishes Artifactual from Biological Sources of Gene Tree Discordance. Systematic Biology. 2023-05-19, 72 (1): 228–241 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac055. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.

[Wagler-7] [6]
Wagler, Johann Georg. Monographia Psittacorum. Königlich Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (编). Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1832: 495 [2023-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-27）（德语及拉丁语）.

[IOCu-8] [7]
Species Updates – IOC World Bird List. www.worldbirdnames.org. [2023-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-20）（英语）.

[Braun-9] [8]
Braun, Michael P.; Reinschmidt, Matthias; Datzmann, Thomas; Waugh, David; Zamora, Rafael; Habich, Annett; Neves, Luis; Gerlach, Helga; Arndt, Thomas; Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia; sauer-Gurth, Hedwig; Wink, Michael. Influences of oceanic islands & the Pleistocene on the biogeography & evolution of two groups of Australasian parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes: Eclectus roratus, Trichoglossus haematodus complex). Rapid evolution & implications for taxonomy & conservation. European Journal of Ecology. 2017-12-01, 3 (2): 47–66 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 1339-8474. doi:10.1515/eje-2017-0014. （原始内容存档于2023-12-08）（英语）.

[Olson-10] [9]
Olson, Storrs L. Birds, including extinct species, encountered by the Malaspina Expedition on Vava'u, Tonga, in 1793. Archives of Natural History. 2006-04, 33 (1): 42–52 [2023-10-27]. doi:10.3366/anh.2006.33.1.42. （原始内容存档于2023-10-27）（英语）.

[Steadman-11] [10]
Steadman, David W. A New Species of Extinct Parrot (Psittacidae: Eclectus ) from Tonga and Vanuatu, South Pacific. Pacific Science. 2006, 60 (1): 137–145 [2023-10-27]. doi:10.1353/psc.2005.0061. （原始内容存档于2023-11-18）（英语）.

[Astuti-12] [11]
Astuti, D. Genetic diversity of Indonesian protected eclectus parrot ( Eclectus roratus ) based on mitochondrial gene sequences. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020-11-11, 591: 012037 [2023-10-27]. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/591/1/012037. （原始内容存档于2023-10-27）.

[Legge-13] [12]
Heinsohn, Robert; Legge, Sarah; Endler, John A. Extreme Reversed Sexual Dichromatism in a Bird Without Sex Role Reversal. Science. 2005-07-22, 309 (5734): 617–619 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1112774. （原始内容存档于2021-11-04）（英语）.

[Heinsohn-14] [13]
Heinsohn, Robert. Ecology and Evolution of the Enigmatic Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus Roratus). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery. 2008-06, 22 (2): 146–150 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 1082-6742. doi:10.1647/2007-031.1. （原始内容存档于2023-02-02）（英语）.

[science-15] [14]
Heinsohn, Robert. The ecological basis of unusual sex roles in reverse-dichromatic eclectus parrots. Animal Behaviour. 2008-07-01, 76 (1): 97–103 [2023-10-27]. ISSN 0003-3472. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.013.

[CITES-16] [15]
CITES. Appendices (PDF). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Main navigation. [2023-06-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-07-02）（英语）.

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[註 1]

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[9]

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[11]

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[15]

折衷鹦鹉属

分類學

形態及行為

保育狀態

下屬物種

註釋

參考資料

外部連結