引螈属

引螈属; 化石时期：賓夕法尼亞世至乌拉尔世（格舍尔期至空谷期）299–278 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	大头引螈的骨骼模型与蝌蚪，美国国立自然历史博物馆
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
目：	†离片椎目 Temnospondyli
科：	†引螈科 Eryopidae
属：	†引螈属 Eryops; Cope,1887
模式種
	† 大头引螈 Eryops megacephalus; Cope,1887

引螈属（学名：Eryops，意为“延长的脸”，得名于其头骨大部分位于眼前），又称长脸螈，是一种已灭绝的离片椎目块椎类两栖动物。该属下仅一种大头引螈，化石主要发现于早二叠纪德克萨斯州及晚石炭纪新墨西哥州

事实速览 科学分类, 模式種 ...

关闭

描述

引螈体长约1.5至2米，最长可达3米^[1]，是当时最大的陆地动物之一。成体体重可达102至222千克^[2]。头骨大而长，宽而扁平，可达60厘米长，大嘴中具有弯曲的牙齿用于固定滑溜的猎物，具有牙釉质及迷齿类结构，表明了其咬住猎物向内吞下的捕食方法。^[3]

古生物学

引螈是早二叠纪最大的食肉动物之一，为半水生，但根据其骨组织解剖学分析，引螈并不高度水生，^[4] 且不会常与合弓纲等竞争^[5]。引螈生活在低洼的水塘，溪流或河流中，其牙齿说明他们可能已大型鱼类或其他水生四足动物为食。^[1]引螈僵硬的躯干和粗壮的尾巴说明他们可能不擅长游泳，成年引螈主要会在陆地上生活。

参考文献

[1]
Schoch, Rainer R. Evolution of life cycles in early amphibians. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2009, 37 (1): 135–162. Bibcode:2009AREPS..37..135S. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100113.
[2]
Hart, L.J.; Campione, N.E.; McCurry, M.R. On the estimation of body mass in temnospondyls: a case study using the large-bodied Eryops and Paracyclotosaurus. Palaeontology. 2022, 65 (6): e12629. doi:10.1111/pala.12629 .
[3]
Rinehart, L. F.; Lucas, S. G. Tooth form and function in temnospondyl amphibians: relationship of shape to applied stress (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin. 2013, 61: 533–542 [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-13）.
[4]
Quémeneur, S.; de Buffrénil, V.; Laurin, M. Microanatomy of the amniote femur and inference of lifestyle in limbed vertebrates. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2013, 109 (3): 644–655. doi:10.1111/bij.12066 .
[5]
Van Valkenburgh, B.; Jenkins, I. Evolutionary patterns in the history of Permo-Triassic and Cenozoic synapsid predators. Paleontological Society Papers. 2002, 8: 267–288. doi:10.1017/S1089332600001121.

[Schoch2009-1] [1]
Schoch, Rainer R. Evolution of life cycles in early amphibians. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2009, 37 (1): 135–162. Bibcode:2009AREPS..37..135S. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100113.

[2] [2]
Hart, L.J.; Campione, N.E.; McCurry, M.R. On the estimation of body mass in temnospondyls: a case study using the large-bodied Eryops and Paracyclotosaurus. Palaeontology. 2022, 65 (6): e12629. doi:10.1111/pala.12629 .

[Rinehart&lucas2013-3] [3]
Rinehart, L. F.; Lucas, S. G. Tooth form and function in temnospondyl amphibians: relationship of shape to applied stress (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin. 2013, 61: 533–542 [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-13）.

[Qu13-4] [4]
Quémeneur, S.; de Buffrénil, V.; Laurin, M. Microanatomy of the amniote femur and inference of lifestyle in limbed vertebrates. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2013, 109 (3): 644–655. doi:10.1111/bij.12066 .

[5] [5]
Van Valkenburgh, B.; Jenkins, I. Evolutionary patterns in the history of Permo-Triassic and Cenozoic synapsid predators. Paleontological Society Papers. 2002, 8: 267–288. doi:10.1017/S1089332600001121.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]