Woodcock, Bill; Frigino, Marco. Survey of Characteristics of Internet Carrier Interconnection Agreements(PDF). Packet Clearing House. 2016-11-21 [2021-05-28]. （原始内容存档(PDF)于2021-07-07）. Of the total analyzed agreements, 1,347 (0.07%) were formalized in written contracts. This is down from 0.49% in 2011. The remaining 1,934,166 (99.93%) were “handshake” agreements in which the parties agreed to informal or commonly understood terms without creating a written document.
Woodcock, Bill; Frigino, Marco. Survey of Characteristics of Internet Carrier Interconnection Agreements(PDF). Packet Clearing House. 2016-11-21 [2021-05-28]. （原始内容存档(PDF)于2021-07-07）. Of the agreements we analyzed, 1,935,111 (99.98%) had symmetric terms, in which each party gave and received the same conditions as the other. Only 403 (0.02%) had asymmetric terms, in which the parties gave and received conditions with specifically defined differences, and these exceptions were down from 0.27% in 2011. Typical examples of asymmetric agreements are ones in which one of the parties compensates the other for routes that it would not otherwise receive (sometimes called “paid peering” or “on-net routes”), or in which one party is required to meet terms or requirements imposed by the other (“minimum peering requirements”), often concerning volume of traffic or number or geographic distribution of interconnection locations.
