Brooke, John L. A Global Antiquity, 500 BC-AD 542. Cambridge Core. Cambridget Core. [12 September 2021]. (原始内容存档于29 September 2021).. Downloaded from Cambridge Core.
"There is not enough evidence satisfactorily to identify the disease or diseases", concluded J. F. Gilliam in his summary (1961) of the written sources, with inconclusive Greek and Latin inscriptions, two groups of papyri and coinage.
Dio Cassius, LXXII 14.3–4; his book that would cover the plague under Marcus Aurelius is missing; the later outburst was the greatest of which the historian had knowledge.