多毛纲 (学名:Polychaeta )是环节动物门 下的一个纲 ,目前轄下有超過80個科[ 1] 。
多毛綱生物的解剖結構圖解
这一纲的动物的身体一般呈圆柱状,或背部略扁,身体分为口前叶 、一般体节部分和尾节 。其中体节上有成对的刚毛 ,神经节 和后肾管 。疣足 (Parapodium)负责前进,甚至带有鳃组织。有组多毛纲动物还拥有发达的感官;封闭式的血管系统。发育过程历经螺旋卵裂和担轮幼体 (Trochophora)阶段。繁殖能力强,通常为无性生殖,如裂殖生殖 (Schizogamy)。
这一类动物主要為雌雄异体。虽然也有浮游的,但是大多生活在海底中,即所谓的底栖。一些品种在海底表面生活,可以自由运动。另一些则在沉积物中掘地洞。还有一些多毛纲动物行寄生 生活。它们以微生物为食。目前有记录的约有10,000种左右,体型从300µm到3m长。是环节动物最大的一个纲。
目前生物學界普遍認同現時的多毛綱仍是一個並系群,也就是指本綱還有部分物種目前被分類到其他分類元去,以致本綱物種的演化圖仍未完整。舉例說:鬚腕動物門 及螠虫动物门 的物種現時發現原來都應該放在多毛綱之下。
截至2018年1月9日 (2018-01-09 ) [update] ,多毛綱物種在WoRMS 大致可分成以下四大類[ 2] [ 3] :
在GBIF,本纲包括以下目:
目的地位未定的科:
Aberrantidae
顶须虫科 Acrocirridae
Aeolosomatidae
阿尔文虫科 Alvinellidae
双栉虫科 Ampharetidae
Apharyngtidae
Apistobranchidae
沙蠋科 Arenicolidae
Arenicolitidae
Asteriomyzostomidae
Asteromyzostomidae
Burgessochaetidae
Canadiidae
Capitellidae
磷沙蚕科 Chaetopteridae
丝鳃科 Cirratulidae
Cossuridae
Ctenodrilidae
Didonidae
Eenymeenymyzostomatidae
Endomyzostomatidae
Fauveliopsidae
扇毛虫科 Flabelligeridae
Hadoprionidae
Insilicoryphidae
Kalaminochaetidae
Keiloritidae
Laetmonectidae
Leodicidae
Longosomatidae
Magelonidae
Maldanidae
Melinnidae
Nerillidae
Opheliidae
Ammotrypane Rathke, 1843
Ammotrypanella McIntosh, 1878
Antiobactrum Chamberlin, 1919
Armandia Filippi, 1861
Nais Dujardin, 1839
Ophelia Savigny, 1822
Ophelina Örsted, 1843
Polyophthalmus Quatrefages, 1850
Proscalibregma Hartman, 1967
Tachytrypane McIntosh, 1876
Thoracophelia Ehlers, 1897
Orbiniidae
Anthostomum Schmarda, 1861
Archiaricia Czerniavsky, 1881
Aricia Savigny, 1822
Berkeleyia Hartman, 1971
Branchetus Chamberlin, 1919
Califia Hartman, 1957
Clytie Grube, 1855
Gesaschroederella Blake, 2021
Gisela Müller, 1858
Leitoscoloplos Blake, 2021
Leitoscoloplos Day, 1977
Leodamas Ehlers, 1901
Leodamas Kinberg, 1866
Methanoaricia Blake, 2000
Microrbinia Hartman, 1965
Naidoneris Malmgren, 1867
Naineris Blainville, 1828
Orbinia Quatrefages, 1866
Orbiniella Day, 1954
Orbiniella Gunton, Kupriyanova, Alvestad, Avery, Blake, Biriukova, Böggemann, Borisova, Budaeva, Burghardt, Capa, Georgieva, Glasby, Hsueh, Hutchings, Jimi, Kongsrud, Langeneck, Meißner, Murray, Nikolic, Paxton, Ramos, Schulze, Sobczyk, Watson, Wiklund, Wilson, Zhadan & Zhang, 2021
Palaeoscoloplos Knaust, 2021
Paraorbiniella Rullier, 1974
Pararicia Solis-Weiss & Fauchald, 1989
Pettibonella Solis-Weiss & Fauchald, 1989
Pettibonella multiuncinata Solis-Weiss & Fauchald, 1989
Pettibonella shompens Gopal, Useph, Varghese & Narayana, 2014[ 11]
Phylo Kinberg, 1866
Polynaineris Pettibone, 1957
Porcia Grube, 1859
Proscoloplos Day, 1954
Protoaricia Czerniavsky, 1881
Protoariciella Hartmann-Schröder, 1962
Protoscoloplos Czerniavsky, 1881
Questa Hartman, 1966
Scolaricia Eisig, 1914
Scoloplella Day, 1963
Scoloplos Blainville, 1828
Scoloplosia Rullier, 1972
Uncorbinia Hartmann-Schröder, 1979
Paraonidae
Parergodrilidae
Pectinariidae
Peronochaetidae
Phragmochaetidae
Poecilochaetidae
Polycirridae
Polygordiidae
Protodrilidae
Protodriloididae
Protomyzostomidae
Psammodrilidae
Pseudopelagiellidae
Pulvinomyzostomidae
囊鬚蟲科 Saccocirridae
Sactosomatidae
Scalibregmatidae
Spintheridae
Spionidae
Stelechopodidae
Stephenoscolecidae
Sternaspidae
Telothelepodidae
Terebellidae
Thelepodidae
Travisiidae
Trichobranchidae
Trochochaetidae
Uncispionidae
目、科的地位未定的属:
Acanthostoma Fischer-Waldheim, 1813
Aceronereis de Blainville, 1818
Acerrotrupa Yu & Wang, 1981
Adelochaeta Han, Conway Morris & Shu, 2019
Aeolus Bergman, 1988
Albertaprion Jansonius & Craig, 1974
Alienites Kozur, 1967
Amatotus Guettard, 1770
Amphicorine Quatrefages, 1850
Amymona Lamarck, 1818
Anabarites Missarzhevsky, 1969
Anatomus Montfort, 1810
Anellidia Gregorio, 1930
Anhuiella Liu & Huang, 1991
Anisocerasites Eller, 1955
Annulitubus Vinn, Zabini, Sene-Silva, Kirsimae & Susan-Marcos, 2016
Aonia Johnston, 1838
Aphlebina Grube, 1850
Aphlebus Agassiz, 1846
Aponaitides McCammon & Montagne, 1979
Arabella Montagu, 1804
Arabellites Hinde, 1879
Arachnostega Bertling, 1992
Archaeoprion Mierzejewski, 1975
Arenatubulites
Aricinella Quatrefages, 1844
Arites Kozur, 1967
Arkonips Farrell & Briggs, 2007
Arthrariella Ruedemann, 1925
Artolon de Montfort, 1810
Astarte de Blainville, 1828
Asterosalpinx Sokolov, 1948
Atrocha Claparède & Metschnikov, 1869
Baltichaeta Slater, Harvey, Guilbaud & Butterfield, 2016
Basogenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Belegenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Binoraphorus Salvini-Plawen, 1972
Branchionereis de Blainville, 1818
Briareus Quoy & Gaimard, 1826
Brochosogenys Colbath, 1987
Broeckia Carter, 1877
Bundenbachochaeta Bartels & Blind, 1995
Burgessochaeta Conway Morris, 1979
Caesicius Regenhardt, 1961
Campylites Brood, 1988
Canadia Walcott, 1911
Caprascolex Schweitzer, Feldmann, Marenssi & Waugh, 2005
Caulostrepsis Clarke, 1908
Cavernaecola Bentz, 1929
Cementula Lommerzheim, 1979
Centrodus Pander, 1856
Cercomyzostoma Perrier, 1897
Chaetosalpinx Sokolov, 1948
Chauvinella Laubier, 1975
Cheiridogenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Chlorema Quatrefages, 1846
Chrysodon Oken, 1815
Cirrobranchia Ehlers, 1866
Cirrolumbricus Oken, 1818
Clavulites Girty, 1904
Cloeia Savigny, 1822
Cloudina Germs, 1972
Clymene Oken, 1807
Codostoma Rafinesque, 1814
Colpogenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Concamerarius Regenhardt, 1961
Conora
Contramyzostoma Eeckhaut, Grygier & Deheyn, 1998
Cornugenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Cornuramia Smith
Crinincaminus Ettensohn, 1981
Crininicaminus Ettensohn, 1981
Crithidia
Crocancistrius Briggs & Bartels, 2010
Croneisigenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Crymene
Cryptosiphon Prantl, 1951
Ctenoscolex Ehlers, 1869
Cubiculovinea Lommerzheim, 1981
Cyclocirra Müller, 1841
Cycloserpula Parsch, 1956
Cycnoserpula Regenhardt, 1961
Dauphone Metschnikov, 1865
Delosites Kozur, 1967
Dentalditrypa Rovereto, 1904
Diapatraites Eller, 1938
Dicoscina Zborzevski, 1834
Dicrocerus Rafinesque, 1814
Didontogaster Thompson, 1979
Didynemus Rafinesque, 1814
Dinocochlea Woodward, 1922
Dinoscolites Stauffer, 1933
Dinotus Guettard, 1770
Diopatraites Eller, 1938
Diopatrichnus Kern, 1978
Diploconcha Conrad, 1875
Diplotoma Rafinesque, 1819
Diproceraea Anon., 1865
Discouvermetulus
Ditrupa Regenhardt, 1961
Ditrupula Radwanska, 2004
Doyeria Quatrefages, 1844
Drilidium Müller, 1858
Drilonereisites Eller, 1964
Drilonereistes
Dryptoscolex Thompson, 1979
Ebetallites Žebera, 1935
Eklexibella Keupp, Gründel & Wiese, 2014
Elleriprion Zawidka, 1975
Entalis Sowerby, 1839
Eopolychaetus Ruedemann, 1901
Eotomopteris Briggs & Clarkson, 1987
Eotrophonia Ulrich, 1878
Epitrachys Ehlers, 1869
Ethmonaria Yu & Wang, 1981
Euglycera Malm, 1874
Eulalites Plicka, 1984
Eumolpe Gistl, 1848
磯沙蠶屬 Eunice Laurillard, 1835
Euryprion Kielan-Jaworowska, 1966
Ewaldips Briggs & Bartels, 2010
Fabriciella Zenkevitsch, 1935
Falcula Conrad, 1870
Falkosites
Fastuoscolex Thompson, 1979
Ferragutia Bracchi & Alessandrello, 2005
Flabetheca Qian & Yin, 1985
Fletcheria Okulitch, 1937
Fomitchella Yang & He, 1985
Forbesia Goodsir, 1845
Fossundecima Thompson, 1979
Genicularia Regenhardt, 1961
Genicularites Muller, 1970
Gitonia
Glycerites Hinde, 1879
Gnoma Latreille, 1820
Gotlandites Bergman, 1987
Granorbis Regenhardt, 1961
Guanshanchaeta Liu, Ou, Han, Li, Wu, Jiao & He, 2015
Haematorhoea Agassiz, 1850
Haileyia Ruedemann, 1934
Halosydnoides Seidler, 1924
Hammatopsis Hadding, 1919
Hamulosodina Cooper, 1931
Hamulus Regenhardt, 1961
Helena Lucas, 1840
Helicotaphrichnus Kern, Grimmer & Lister, 1974
Hemicanalis Chiplonkar & Ghare, 1977
Hepteris Regenhardt, 1961
Hermione Forbes & Goodsir, 1840
Hesionites
Heteroaricia Czerniavsky, 1881
Heteromyzostoma Perrier, 1897
Heterosabella Schmarda, 1871
Heterospio Czerniavsky, 1881
Hicetes Clarke, 1908
Himalayaia Singh & Dar Shukla, 1981
Hindenites Bergman, 1987
Hindeoprion Szaniawski & Wrona, 1973
Hirudopsis
Homaphrodites
Howellitubus Richardson, 1956
Huainanella Wang, 1983
Hyalinaecites Stauffer, 1933
Hyolithellus Bengtson, 1990
Hyolithes Eichwald, 1840
Hystriciola Thompson, 1979
Indocera Singh & Dar Shukla, 1981
Infundibula McIntosh, 1922
Insolicorypha Conway Morris, 1979
Insulicorypha
Ipoliknus Han, Conway Morris & Shu, 2019
Iquitosia
Iubarenicala Alessandrello, Bracchi & Riou, 2004
Iubarenicola Alessandrello, Bracchi & Riou, 2004
Jereminella Lugeon, 1919
Jospilopsis Augener, 1922
Kalaminochaeta Haecker, 1898
Keilorites Brood, 1980
Kenostrychus Sutton, Briggs, Siveter & Siveter, 2001
Khemisina
Kielanaegenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Kielanoprion Szaniawski, 1968
Klakesia Ruedemann, 1934
Kootenayscolex Nanglu & Caron, 2018
Koslowskisyrinx Mierzejewski, 1986
Lalage Müller, 1858
Lanceolatites Bergman, 1987
Lanceolites Bergman, 1988
Langeites Kielan-Jaworowska, 1966
Lapispecus Voigt, 1970
Lapworthella
Lecathylus
Leodicites Eller, 1940
Leogenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Leogenys du Chêne, 1976
Leonice Anon., 1829
Lepidenteron Fritsch, 1878
Lepidenteron Mantell, 1822
Lepidia Savigny, 1822
Leptoprion Myannil & Zaslavskaya, 1985
Leptosiagon Trask, 1856
Lercaritubus Flügel, Senowbari-Daryan & di Stefano, 1990
Lobogenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Lockportia
Lophos Termier, Termier & Lapparent, 1973
Lumbriconereites Ehlers, 1869
Lumbricopsis
Lumbricus
Lysaretides Kozur, 1971
Maeandropolydora Voigt, 1965
Magarikune Minato & Suyama, 1949
Maldanidopsis Plicka, 1979
Maldeotaia Singh & Dar Shukla, 1981
Manotes Meshkova, 1984
Marleneites Eller, 1945
Marlenites Taugourdeau, 1971
Marphysaites Eller, 1945
Martina Ziegler, 1984
Marywadea Glaessner, 1976
Mastopodion Rathke, 1843
Medenophthalmus Lo Bianco, 1903
Melanoraphia Arduini, Pinna & Teruzzi, 1982
Menogenys Ottone, 1988
Meringosoma Ehlers, 1869
Metatrochophora Haecker, 1896
Microconchus Phillips, 1839
Microdactylophora
Microtubus Flügel, 1964
Mobyprion Jansonius & Craig, 1974
Monocraterion Chakrabarti, 1990
Monothrites Eisenack, 1968
Mulleriprion Kozur, 1967
Multiprion Szaniawski & Wrona, 1973
Muroserpula
Myoscolex Glaessner, 1979
Nawnites Roy, 1929
Nectosoma Viguier, 1910
Neomicrorbis Regenhardt, 1961
Nereiclava Gervais, 1846
Nereidavus Grinnell, 1877
Nereigenys Ottone, 1988
Nereites Murchison & MacLeay, 1839
Nereituba Grube, 1878
Nerinella Nardo, 1847
Nothrites Courtinat, 1998
Nothrites Stauffer, 1933
Nyphloneris Hansen, 1878
Oblongiprion Myanil & Zaslavskaya, 1985
Ocreale Oken, 1815
Oliveirania
Omasaria Regenhardt, 1961
Onnioides Hurst & Hewitt, 1977
Onuphionella Kirjanov, 1968
Ornatoporta
Ornatorinea Lommerzheim, 1979
Ornatovinea Lommerzheim, 1979
Orthoconorca Jäger, 1983
Orthopelta Eisenack, 1939
Osedacoides Karl, Brauckmann & Groening, 2012
Ostreoblabe Voigt, 1965
Otogenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Ottawella
Ottawina Courtinat, 1998
Oxyprion Szaniawski, 1968
Palaeochaeta Clarke, 1903
Palaeodactylophora
Palaeopelyx Eisenack, 1975
Palaeosabella Clarke, 1921
Palaeosaportia Borrello, 1967
Palaeoscolex Glaessner, 1979
Palaeosigma Eisenack, 1939
Palaeospirographis Plicka, 1962
Palaeotubus Sanfilippo, Reitano, Insacco & Rosso, 2016
Paleoaprhrodite
Paleoenonites Eller, 1942
Paleonereites Stauffer, 1933
Paleononites
Paleorhynchus Wang, 1983
Paleosigma Eisenack, 1939
Paliurus Gabb, 1876
Palurites Szaniawski & Imajima, 1996
Paraaricia Czerniavsky, 1881
Paracarobia Czerniavsky, 1882
Paradrilonereigenys Charletta & Boyer, 1974
Paraglycerites Eisenack, 1939
Paraglycerites Kozur, 1972
Paragnathites Jan du Chêne & Gorin, 1974
Paralanica Caullery, 1944
Parapatraites Eisenack, 1981
Pararenicola Wang, 1983
Parasabellidites Luo & Zhang, 1986
Parascoloplos Czerniavsky, 1881
Parhetermastus Monro, 1937
Pariospilus Viguier, 1911
Parricidula Regenhardt, 1961
Pasithea Oken, 1807
Patagonichnus Olivero & López Cabrera, 2005
Paulinites Lange, 1947
Pedarites Eisenack, 1981
Pedivillus Rákosi, 1981
Pegasillus Dalyell, 1851
Penicilla Ellis, 1767
Pennaria Blainville, 1818
Pernerites Žebera, 1935 Peronochaeta Conway Morris, 1979
Petrecea Blake, 1990
Phragmosalpinx
Phyllochoelopterus Claparède, 1865
Phyllohartmannia Pettibone, 1961
Phyllonereis Augener, 1934
Pieckonia Thompson, 1979
Pistoprion Kielan-Jaworowska, 1966
Pleigophthalmus Agassiz, 1848
Pollagenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Polychaetura Hints, 1998
Polykladichnus Fursich, 1981
Polylepis Grube, 1878
Polymyzostoma Perrier, 1897
Pontobdellopsis Ruedemann, 1901
Porrhogenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Potterigenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Praeglycera
Praelumbrinereis Kozur, 1972
Prethocoprolithus Elliott, 1962
Probosciplectanos Cuvier, 1830
Processoprion Szaniawski & Wrona, 1973
Prokopitraea Snajdar, 1983
Proliserpulua Regenhardt, 1961
Promaldane Mesnil, 1897
Pronereites Klenina, 1989
Pronereites Stauffer, 1933
Propolynoe
Prospio Mesnil, 1896
Prospirorbis Caullery & Mesnil, 1897
Proterebella
Proterula
Protoarenicola Wang, 1983
Protocarobia Czerniavsky, 1882
Protolycoris Hatschek, 1893
Protonympha Clarke, 1903
Protrochophora Haecker, 1896
Protulites
Protulophila
Psamatotus Guettard, 1770
Psammosiphon Vine, 1882
Psamniosyllis Westheide, 1990
Pseudoarenicola Liu & Yang, 1991
Pseudocirratulus Augener, 1922
Pseudoethmonaria Li & Jiang, 1987
Pseudopolydorites Glazek, Marcinkowski & Wierzbowski, 1971
Pseudorthotheca Cobbold, 1935
Pseudosyllis Quatrefages
Pterogenys Courtinat, 1998
Pterspelta Eisenack, 1939
Pygocirrus Vinther, Eibye-Jacobsen & Harper, 2011
Rakvereprion Mierzejewski, 1978
Ramesses Schram, 1979
Ramosulcichnus Hillmer & Schulz, 1973
Reibischia Bergström, 1915
Rhamphegenys Charletta & Boyer, 1974
Rhamphegenys Jansonius & Craig, 1971
Rhytiprion Kielan-Jaworowska, 1966
Rinotectus Modeer, 1793
Rodens Renier, 1804
Rosacella Blainville, 1816
Rotulispira Chiplonkar & Tapaswi, 1973
Ruedemannella Wang, 1983
Rushtonia Qian & Ding, 1988
Rutellifrons Thompson, 1979
Sabellastartites Dudich, 1962
Sabellide Milne-Edwards, 1838
Sabellidites Yanichevsky, 1926
Sacculina Blainville, 1837
Sactosoma Danielssen & Koren, 1881
Sactosoma Fisher, 1946
Samythopis McIntosh, 1885
Sanbongicola Hatai & Masuda, 1973
Sarcionata
Schizoproboscina Jakvlev, 1939
Sciotoprion Boyer, 1975
Sclerostyla Regenhardt, 1961
Scoleciellus Liu, 1986
Scolecoderma Salter, 1855
Scopyrites Briggs & Bartels, 2010
Senarius Regenhardt, 1961
Septenaria Regenhardt, 1961
Serpentula
Serpularia Münster, 1840
Serpulopsis
Serratula Szaniawski & Wrona, 1973
Siluropelta Eisenack, 1939
Simplotubus Singh & Dar Shukla, 1981
Sinotubulites Chen, Chen & Qian, 1981
Sinugenys Courtinat, 1998
Sinuocornu Howell, 1959
Siphonostomites Rovereto, 1903
Skalenoprion Myannil & Zaslavskaya, 1985
Soris Schram, 1979
Spinocera Singh & Dar Shukla, 1981
Spio König, 1771
Spiracavites Chiplonkar & Ghare, 1977
Spirocavites
Spirographites Astre, 1937
†斯普里格蠕虫属 Spriggina Glaessner, 1958
Squamolumbricus Oken, 1818
Staurinereis Verrill, 1900
Staurocephalites Hinde, 1879
Stauronereisites Eller, 1955
Stelechopus Graff, 1884
Stephanoscolex
Stephenoscolex Conway Morris, 1979
Sthenelaites Rovereto, 1903
Stoma Hadding, 1919
Streptindytes Calvin, 1888
Symmetroprion Kielan-Jaworowska, 1966
Synclinophora Eisenack, 1975
Syphonostoma Anon., 1820
Taguella Benham, 1948
Tatjanellia Zenkevitch, 1957
Taugourdella Kozur, 1972
Telotrocha Claparède & Metschnikow, 1869
Terebellina Ulrich, 1904
Terebellites
Terebellolites
Terebellopsis Howell, 1953
Tetraditrupa Regenhardt, 1961
Tetraprion Kielan-Jaworowska, 1966
Thalenessites Stauffer, 1933
Tibikoia Hatai, Kotaka & Noda, 1970
Titahia Thein, 1975
Torellella Holm, 1893
Torlessia Bather, 1905
Tosalorbis Katto, 1960
Trentonia Pickerill & Forbes, 1978
Triadonereis Mayer, 1954
Trianguligenys Szaniawski & Wrona, 1973
Tubercularia Blainville, 1827
Tubicotomaculum Chiplonkar & Ghare, 1977
Tubularia
Tubulella Howell, 1949
Tubulelloides Howell, 1949
Tubulus Martini, 1769
Turbinia Michelin, 1845
Tymbochoos Steele-Petrovich & Bolton, 1998
Typhlodrilus Baldasseroni, 1909
Uncinogenys Szaniawski & Wrona, 1973
Ungulites Stauffer, 1933
Ursactis Osawa, Caron & Gaines, 2023
Venadis Lucas, 1840
Ventilabrum Blainville, 1818
Vermicularius Montfort, 1810
Vermicularus Montfort, 1810
Vermiforafacta Cameron, 1969
Vetustovermis Glaessner, 1979
Volborthella Schmidt, 1888
Vulva Olafsen, 1772
Websteroprion Eriksson, Parry & Rudkin, 2017
Wiwaxia Walcott, 1911
Xanioprion Szankawski & Wrona, 1973
Xanthoprion Jansonius & Craig, 1974
中国动物志 . 无脊椎动物 第五十四卷 環節動物門 多毛纲(三) 纓鰓蟲目. [2018-10-15 ] (中文(简体)) .
Aiswarya Gopal, Abdul Jaleel Koovapurath Useph, Saramma Aikkarakunnath Varghese & Sanjeevan Veloorkirakathil Narayana (2014) A new species of polychaete, Pettibonella shompens sp. nov. (Orbiniidae), from the Nicobar Islands, North Indian Ocean, Marine Biology Research, 10:10, 1033-1037, DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2013.879988