部機械入面嘅鬼魂

Ghost in the machine，粵文可以譯做部機械入面嘅鬼魂，係英文入面嘅一個出名嘅比喻。呢個比喻喺心靈哲學上俾人攞嚟描述 17 世紀法國哲學家笛卡兒（Descartes）等嘅學者提倡嘅心身二元論^[1]。

心身二元論係一種有關心靈本質嘅觀點，直至廿世紀都仲好有影響力：呢種觀點主張，心靈同身體係兩樣相關但彼此獨立存在嘅；但自從由廿世紀中開始，神經科學同相關領域上嘅研究經已明確噉表示，心靈嘅活動－例如係感知同記憶呀噉－都係要依賴身體嘅某啲物理部份（尤其係神經系統）先至會進行得到嘅；例如有好多研究都發現，腦部某啲部位受損會搞到個病人喪失某啲心智上嘅功能，例如視覺皮層受損個人就會喪失部份嘅視力；基於呢啲神經科學上嘅發現，學界就出咗心腦同一論嘅諗法－呢種諗法顧名思義主張「腦等同於心靈」^[2]。

因為噉，心身二元論俾當時嘅學者指出為唔合理，跟住就有哲學家用類似噉嘅說話，總括佢哋對心身二元論嘅反對^[3]：

「

原版英文："There is no ghost in the machine."

粵文翻譯：部機械（指個腦同埋神經系統嘅其他部份）並冇乜嘢鬼魂（指探測唔到嘅心靈或者靈魂）喺入面。

」

[1]
de Morais Ribeiro, Henrique, "On the Philosophy of Cognitive Science", Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of Philosophy, Boston MA, 10-15 August 1998.
[2]
Pinker, Steven 2002. The blank slate: the modern denial of human nature. London/New York: Putnam Penguin. Chapter 1 The official theory: p. 8–11.
[3]
Ryle, Gilbert, "Descartes' Myth," in The Concept of Mind, Hutchinson, London, 1949.

Koestler, Arthur (1990-06-05) [1967]. The Ghost in the Machine (1990 reprint ed.). Penguin Group. ISBN 0-14-019192-5.
Ryle, Gilbert (2000-12-15) [1949]. "Descartes' Myth". The Concept of Mind (New Univer ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-73296-7.

[1] [1]
de Morais Ribeiro, Henrique, "On the Philosophy of Cognitive Science", Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of Philosophy, Boston MA, 10-15 August 1998.

[2] [2]
Pinker, Steven 2002. The blank slate: the modern denial of human nature. London/New York: Putnam Penguin. Chapter 1 The official theory: p. 8–11.

[3] [3]
Ryle, Gilbert, "Descartes' Myth," in The Concept of Mind, Hutchinson, London, 1949.

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部機械入面嘅鬼魂

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