鹼金屬係元素週期表嘅第一組，即係最外邊嘅電子殼只有一粒電子，全部都係金屬。
由於最外邊嘅電子殼只有一粒電子，呢粒電子好唔穩定，容易甩出去，做成正離子。所以鹼金屬係最容易發生化學反應嘅組別。因為咁，鹼金屬放響水度會有激嘅反應，會好快取代水分子裏面，其中一粒氫原子，令到水變成鹼性，所以叫佢做鹼金屬。
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