社會網絡

一個社會網絡（粵拼：se5 wui2 mong5 lok6；英文：social network）係指由一班社會物體（人或者組織）以及物體之間嘅連繫組成嘅社會結構。

概論

抽象啲噉講，一個社會網絡可以想像成若干個節點（node），每個節點代表咗一個個體，是但搵兩個個體嚟睇，佢哋之間可以係「冇連繫」或者「有連繫」，而唔同嘅連繫喺特性上可以唔同，例如「兄弟」同「朋友」係唔同類型嘅連繫^[1]。例如以下呢個簡化嘅網絡當中嘅每一個波波都係一個節點，代表一個人，個波波入面嘅冧把表示嗰個人係「第幾號」，而如果兩個波波之間有條線，就表示條線連住嗰兩個人識得對方：

社會網絡理論（social network theory）仲會按各種嘅準則將社會網絡分類，例如係按個網絡嘅用途分做功用網絡（instrumental network）同埋表達網絡（expressive network）兩大種：前者指啲人為咗搵人幫手做嘢而有嘅網絡，人同自己功用網絡裏面嘅人交流嗰陣會比較專業同正式；後者就係指啲人為咗想要滿足情緒需要而有嘅網絡－通常包括屋企人同朋友等等，人同自己表達網絡裏面嘅人交流嗰陣一般都會冇咁正式^[2][3]。對組織嘅分析包括諗個組織入面嘅社會網絡係點嘅樣以及係每個組織成員嘅網絡有乜特性，例如一個人嘅社會網絡成員嘅多樣性會影響嗰個人諗嘢－有管理學嘅研究指，興同好多唔同類嘅人做朋友嘅組織成員比較多接觸到個組織入面唔同部份嘅人，所以會比較有能力影響一個組織點樣處理組織內部嘅矛盾^[4]。

睇埋

• 結構窿
• 網絡理論
• 社會學
• 管理學

文獻

• Ahuja, G. (2000). Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study (PDF). Administrative science quarterly, 45(3), 425-455.
• Burt, R. S. (2009). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Harvard university press.
• Keller, J., Wong, S. S., & Liou, S. (2020). How social networks facilitate collective responses to organizational paradoxes (PDF). Human Relations, 73(3), 401-428.
• Labianca, G. J. (2014). Negative ties in organizational networks. In Contemporary perspectives on organizational social networks. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
• Podolny, J. M. (2001). Networks as the pipes and prisms of the market (PDF). American journal of sociology, 107(1), 33-60.
• Tsai, W. (2001). Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance (PDF). Academy of management journal, 44(5), 996-1004.
• Zaheer, A., & Soda, G. (2009). Network evolution: The origins of structural holes (PDF). Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1), 1-31.

攷

1. Wasserman, Stanley; Faust, Katherine (1994). "Social Network Analysis in the Social and Behavioral Sciences". Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–27.
2. Chua, R. Y. J., Ingram, P., & Morris, M. W. (2008). From the head and the heart: Locating cognition-and affect-based trust in managers' professional networks. Academy of Management journal, 51(3), 436-452.
3. Marsden, P. V. (1988). Homogeneity in confiding relations. Social networks, 10(1), 57-76.
4. Keller, J., Wong, S. S., & Liou, S. (2020). How social networks facilitate collective responses to organizational paradoxes (PDF). Human Relations, 73(3), 401-428.