唱歌

唱歌，係指用音調同節奏嚟改變把聲嚟製造音樂性質嘅聲音。

唱歌係可以有唔同嘅原因，可以係為咗娛樂、宗教嘅虔誠、嗜好、者職業。長期嘅鍛鍊同指導係可以令歌手把聲更強同更清晰。^[1]因為每個音樂風格嘅唱歌技巧都唔同，所以職業嘅歌手通常建立自己喺一個特定嘅音樂風格，同埋一直有唱歌老師提供教練。

一個唱歌嘅人係叫歌手。歌手唱歌嘅時候係可以清唱或者有樂器伴奏，例如鋼琴或者結他。

健康益處

科學研究表明，唱歌係可以對人產生一個健康嘅影響。一個初步嘅研究，從一班有參加合唱嘅學生嘅感覺，唱歌帶嚟嘅益處包括減輕壓力，改善情緒，社交同精神，同埋增加肺活量。^[2]但係另一個更舊嘅肺活量嘅研究，證實唔到有專業訓練嘅人能夠增加肺活量。^[3]又有另一項研究發現，無論係唱或者聽合唱音樂都可以減少壓力荷爾蒙同增加免疫能力。^[4]

唱歌嘅動物

學者一致認同好多唔同種類嘅動物都識唱歌，例如雀仔同鯨魚。^[5]^[6] 而家大概有5400個品種嘅動物都識唱歌。有一啲識唱歌嘅動物顯示到佢哋能夠學習，湊合同埋創作新曲。^[7] 對某一啲品種嘅動物，例如長臂猿，唱歌係一個群體嘅活動。^[8])

睇埋

參考

[1]
Falkner, Keith, 編 (1983). Voice. Yehudi Menuhin music guides. London: MacDonald Young. p. 26. ISBN 0-356-09099-X. OCLC 10418423.
[2]
Clift, SM; Hancox, G (2001). "The perceived benefits of singing". The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 121 (4): 248–256. doi:10.1177/146642400112100409. PMID 11811096.
[3]
Heller, Stanley S; Hicks, William R; Root, Walter S (1960). "Lung volumes of singers". J Appl Physiol. 15 (1): 40–42. PMID 14400875.
[4]
Kreutz, Gunter; Bongard, Stephan; Rohrmann, Sonja; Hodapp, Volker; Grebe, Dorothee (December 2004). "Effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol, and emotional state". Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 27 (6): 623–635. doi:10.1007/s10865-004-0006-9. PMID 15669447.
[5]
Marler, Peter (1970). "Birdsong and speech development: Could there be parallels?". American Scientist. 58: 669–73.
[6]
Wallin, Nils (2000). Bjorn Merker; Steven Brown (編). The origins of music. Cambridge, MA: 麻省理工.
[7]
Payne, Katherine (2000). "The progressively changing songs of humpback whales: a window on the creative process in a wild animal." In The Origins of Music. Edited by N. L. Wallin, B. Merker and S. Brown, pp. 135–150. Cambridge, MA:MIT
[8]
Geissmann, Thomas. 2000. "Gibbon songs and human music from an evolutionary perspective." In The origins of Music. Edited by N. Wallin, B. Merker and S. Brown, pp. 103–124. Cambridge, MA: MIT

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[Musicguides-1] [1]
Falkner, Keith, 編 (1983). Voice. Yehudi Menuhin music guides. London: MacDonald Young. p. 26. ISBN 0-356-09099-X. OCLC 10418423.

[Clift2001-2] [2]
Clift, SM; Hancox, G (2001). "The perceived benefits of singing". The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 121 (4): 248–256. doi:10.1177/146642400112100409. PMID 11811096.

[Heller1960-3] [3]
Heller, Stanley S; Hicks, William R; Root, Walter S (1960). "Lung volumes of singers". J Appl Physiol. 15 (1): 40–42. PMID 14400875.

[Kreutz2004-4] [4]
Kreutz, Gunter; Bongard, Stephan; Rohrmann, Sonja; Hodapp, Volker; Grebe, Dorothee (December 2004). "Effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol, and emotional state". Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 27 (6): 623–635. doi:10.1007/s10865-004-0006-9. PMID 15669447.

[5] [5]
Marler, Peter (1970). "Birdsong and speech development: Could there be parallels?". American Scientist. 58: 669–73.

[6] [6]
Wallin, Nils (2000). Bjorn Merker; Steven Brown (編). The origins of music. Cambridge, MA: 麻省理工.

[7] [7]
Payne, Katherine (2000). "The progressively changing songs of humpback whales: a window on the creative process in a wild animal." In The Origins of Music. Edited by N. L. Wallin, B. Merker and S. Brown, pp. 135–150. Cambridge, MA:MIT

[8] [8]
Geissmann, Thomas. 2000. "Gibbon songs and human music from an evolutionary perspective." In The origins of Music. Edited by N. Wallin, B. Merker and S. Brown, pp. 103–124. Cambridge, MA: MIT

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