多黨制

多黨制 (英文：Multi-party system) 係一個有多過兩個政黨嘅政治制度，同一黨專政或者兩黨制相對。呢啲政黨全部都有足夠嘅資源同埋支持，去成為一個執政黨，而佢哋好多時都會成立聯合政府嚟執政^[1]。呢個制度喺用議會制同埋比例代表制嘅國家比較普遍。

有多黨制嘅國家包括：阿根廷、亞美尼亞、比利時、巴西、加拿大、丹麥、芬蘭、法國、德國、冰島、印度、印尼、愛爾蘭、荷蘭、新西蘭、挪威、菲律賓、波蘭、瑞典、突尼西亞、土耳其、同埋烏克蘭。

比較

同一黨專政相比，多黨制能夠將政府嘅權力分配去到唔同嘅黨度，避免一個黨控制哂成個議會。

相比於兩黨制，多黨制喺代表民意上面做嘅更加好，係一個比較民主嘅制度。同時，有研究聲稱多黨制能夠避免出現政治嘅兩極化、鼓勵中間主義嘅政黨、同埋成立聯合政府^[2][3]。

攷

1. Education 2020 definition of multiparty: "A system in which several major and many lesser parties exist, seriously compete for, and actually win public offices."
2. The social science literature has contributed enormously in recent years on the effects on forms of government and quality of life of the citizens. Lowell's axiom is one of the most tested theory empirically tested (Lowell, A.L., 1896). Governments and Parties in Continental Europe. Bostin, MA: Houghton Mifflin)..
3. Basu, K., Dey Biswas, S., Harish, P., Dhar, S., & Lahiri, M. (2016). Is multi-party coalition government better for the protection of socially backward classes in India? UN-WIDER Working Paper, 2016 (109).