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奏疏
文體 / 維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
奏疏、章表,是東亞古代官吏書寫給君主的文書,皇帝用硃砂紅筆親手批諭後發還原奏人。章表分用以謝恩為「章」,用以陳述事實為「表」。[1]奏疏的內容有多個種類,包括言事、對策、請安等。 明朝分題、奏、表、講章、書狀、文冊、揭帖、制對、露布與譯。 揭帖經「緘封」則稱為密揭,因不經內閣《實錄》並不記載這些密揭內容。密疏早在漢代就有[2],密揭則在明初與內閣制度一起形成 。密揭格式上類揭帖,形式上又像密疏,在明萬曆朝得到很大的應用。 明朝初年,形成密摺制度。清朝康熙帝新增奏摺[3],也稱「摺子」,即密奏文書,可以由原奏人秘密直接呈遞皇帝而繞開內閣,皇帝通過秘密報告掌控全局,由此實現權力集於君主一身[4]。
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