nigger

英語

英語維基百科有一篇文章關於：

nigger

維基百科 ^en

其他形式

• nigga, niggah, nigguh (視覺方言)

詞源

可能直接源自法語 nègre或西班牙語和葡萄牙語 negro (「非洲黑人」)，最終源自拉丁語 niger (「黑色的」)。比較丹麥語 nigger、瑞典語 nigger、德語 Nigger、荷蘭語 nikker。negro和noir 的同源對似詞。

發音

• (標準英音) 英語發音：nĭgʹər、國際音標^(幫助): /ˈnɪɡə(ɹ)/
• (通用美式) 英語發音：nĭgʹər、國際音標^(幫助): /ˈnɪɡɚ/

• （美國北加州）音頻：

  (檔案)

• 韻部：-ɪɡə(ɹ)

名詞

nigger (複數 niggers，陰性形式 niggeress)

1. (冒犯，種族蔑稱，粗俗，參見用法說明) 黑鬼，尼哥（非洲裔）
   • Template:RQ:Twain Huckleberry Finn
   • 1929，Ernest Hemingway，A Farewell to Arms‎^[6]，New York: Charles Scribner's Sons，頁 274:

     “Othello with his occupation gone,” she teased. “Othello was a nigger,” I said.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2004，Hotel Rwanda，spoken by Colonel Oliver (Nick Nolte):

     You are not even a nigger, you are an African.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1996，Chris Rock: Bring the Pain‎^[7]，Chris Rock (actor):

     There's black people, and there's niggers. And niggers have got to go. Every time black people wanna have a good time, ign'ant-ass niggers fuck it up.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2008，「The N Word」, in Greydon Square 作曲, The CPT Theorem:

     See, niggers are followers, blacks normally lead. / Niggers call blacks "whitewash" soon as they on the scene.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2010年4月13日，Kitty Kelley，引 an unnamed town resident, Oprah: A Biography，New York, N.Y.: Crown, →ISBN, →OL，頁 193:

     Blacks stayed at home during the civil rights march. Niggers are the ones that marched.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (冒犯，種族蔑稱，粗俗，參見用法說明) 黑鬼（屬於任何皮膚通常為黑色的民族的人）
   • 1880年6月19日，Henry Kendall，「My Piccaninny」, in The Australian Town and Country Journal，頁 28，列 4:

     He never lost his appetite - / He bigger grew and bigger; / And proved, with every inch of height, / A nigger is a nigger.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1913，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Poison Belt‎^[8]:

     "The public have taken no interest in the matter up to now, but this letter of Challenger's in the Times will make them wake up, I'm thinking." "And this about Sumatra?" "Well, it's a long cry from a blurred line in a spectrum to a sick nigger in Sumatra. And yet the chiel has shown us once before that he knows what he's talking about."

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1988，James H. Schlender（被引）, 「Written Testimony of James H. Schlender, Executive Administrator, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, May 18, 1988」, in Anti-Indian Violence: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 4 and 18, 1988‎^[9]，Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 出版於 1989, →OCLC，頁 197:

     At Crescent Lake in Oneida County, Hubert Locke, who is black and serves as the Dean of the University of Washington's School of Public Affairs, was confronted with words to the effect of, "Now the Commission has a nigger working for them" and "I guess there are two kinds of niggers—red niggers and black niggers"[...] These blatant manifestations of racism directed toward Mr. Locke serve to illustrate the racist attitudes experienced daily by tribal members.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

3. (非洲裔美國人白話英語) 兄弟，老哥
   • 2002年1月13日，Earl Ofari Hutchinson，「"Loaded Language", a review of Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word by Randall Kennedy」, in Washington Post，頁 BW06:

     I had overheard him greet a buddy who called him on the phone with "Yo, nigger, what's up?"

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

4. (非洲裔美國人白話英語) 朋友，友仔
   • 1997，McKinley Lee，Chosen by Fate: My Life inside Death Row Records, →ISBN:

     “Snoop Dog!” one of them yelled. “That’s my nigga from Long Beach, man.”

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2001 Autumn-Winter，Awad Ibrahim，引 『Sam』, 「Hey, whadap homeboy?」, in Taboo‎^[10]，頁 94:

     I wonna say whassup to all my Niggers, you know, peace and one love.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

5. (現冒犯) 黑色皮膚的動物：
   1. (現冒犯) 三尖魢（Girella tricuspidata）
   2. (現冒犯，過時) 深褐色的蛺蝶科蝴蝶（Orsotriaena medus，南亞，東南亞和澳大利亞）
      • 1932，Gustavus Athol Waterhouse，What Butterfly is That?: A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia，頁 112:

        Nigger (Male) Orsotriaena medus moira Waterhouse and Lyell. 1914.

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

      • 2010，Khew Sin Khoon，A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Singapore，頁 69:

        The Nigger is a common butterfly in Singapore and can be found in the company of bush browns.

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   3. (英國，康沃爾，漁業，古舊) 一種海參（Holothuria forskali）
   4. (古舊) 蕪菁葉蜂的幼蟲（農業害蟲）
      • 1873，Nature，卷 7，頁 448:

        To this group belongs the nigger, or black caterpillar of the turnip, which is often in sufficient numbers to do much mischief.

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

6. (古舊，電力) 電導體包裹層中會導致部分短路的雜質
   • 1892，Western Electrician，卷 11，頁 72:

     Now to locate the portion of the machine which contains the "nigger."

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

7. (古舊，美國) （一些密西西比河船隻上的）蒸汽起錨機
   • 1983，Goldenseal，卷 9，頁 20:

     Well, it's a big heavy line, and you operate the nigger — capstan it's also called — by steam. You wrap your line around that and keep taking in the slack, and that draws up them things.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

8. (電影，古舊) 黑幕
   • 1961, Peter Snow, Electronic Flashlight Photography (page 114)

     Care should be taken to check visually from the position occupied by the subject and from the camera also, to ascertain that the nigger is positioned correctly and does not obstruct the picture area.

用法說明

• 「nigger」被認為是英語中冒犯意最強的詞語之一。在Kristy Beers Fägersten於2007年的一項研究中，佛羅里達大學的本科生給12個英語貶義詞打分（1分為「不冒犯」，10分為「非常冒犯」）時，參與者給nigger的分最高，幾乎比第二高的詞cunt高兩分。^[1]新西蘭的廣播標準機構在2010年和2013年分別進行了兩次調研後得出nigger是新西蘭第二名最具冒犯意的詞（第一名為cunt），兩次調查顯示這個詞會冒犯66%和65%的調查參與人^[2][3]，幾個英國廣播組織開展的一項調查也顯示「nigger」會冒犯68%的英國人，排在第5位（前面的詞分別為cunt、motherfucker、fuck和wanker）。^[4]
• 一些非洲裔曾嘗試為這個詞辯白（特別是形式nigga），但是惹起了爭議，一些人認為由於其歷史陰暗，加之現在仍有貶義使用，這個詞不能夠被辯白。^[5]無論如何，非黑人使用這個詞仍舊帶有極強的冒犯意。
• 「nigger」暗含極強的貶義色彩，不僅是蔑視性地稱呼人皮膚黑，還暗指他們缺乏智力，長期無業，是社會蛀蟲，毒品成癮，傾向於犯罪等。^[6]而且它還和白人殖民非洲、奴役黑人和非洲裔美國人有關。
• 為了減輕其冒犯意，指代這個詞時或者在直接引語中審查掉這個詞時會用「n-word」。

近義詞

• (黑人的蔑稱)： blackie, nigga, coon, darkie, gator bait, groid, jigaboo, jungle bunny, kaffir, macaca, nig-nog, porch monkey, sambo, shitskin, spade, spearchucker, spook, tar baby, wog
• (朋友，兄弟)： homie、nigga

衍生詞彙

• antinigger
• chigger
• deniggerization
• deniggerize
• farm nigger
• house nigger
• n-bomb
• nig
• nigga
• niggerati
• niggeration
• niggerbabble
• niggerball
• niggerbitch
• nigger-brown
• niggercide
• niggerdick
• niggerdom
• niggerese
• niggeress
• niggerfaggot
• niggerfied
• nigger-fish
• Niggerfoot
• niggerfuck
• niggerfucker
• niggerfuxated
• niggerfuxation
• nigger gallery
• niggergram
• niggerhead
• nigger heaven
• niggerhood
• nigger in the woodpile
• niggerisation
• niggerise
• niggerish
• niggerism
• niggerization
• niggerize
• nigger knocker
• niggerless
• niggerlike
• niggerling
• niggerlips
• nigger lover
• niggerly
• niggerman
• niggerness
• nigger nose
• niggerology
• nigger pennies
• nigger pool
• nigger rich
• nigger rig
• nigger stick
• nigger toe
• Niggertown
• Niggerville
• niggerwhine
• niggery
• niggy
• niglet
• nig-nog
• nikka
• nizzle
• n-word
• outnigger
• pizza nigger
• plantation nigger
• prairie nigger
• red nigger
• sand nigger
• spigger
• swigger
• timber nigger
• tree nigger
• white nigger
• wigger

相關詞彙

• negro、Negro
• nigra、Nigra
• whigga、whigger、wigga、wigger

動詞

nigger (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 niggers，現在分詞 niggering，一般過去時及過去分詞 niggered)

1. (及物，過時) 不施肥而使土質越來越差
2. (不及物，冒犯) 做出黑人刻板印象中的行徑
   • 1989，Reynolds Price，The surface of earth，Ballantine Books，頁 120:

     His father said, “Niggering, I was niggering about. You knew that surely.”

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2007，George Hovis，Vale of Humility: Plain Folk in Contemporary North Carolina Fiction，Univ of South Carolina Press，頁 86:

     Forrest’s rediscovery of his father coincides with his discovery that old Robinson’s “niggering around” produced at least one child of mixed race.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2008，Joe Ambrose，Gimme Danger: The Story Of Iggy Pop，Music Sales Group:

     I mean he was niggering. Niggering out, grabbing at my leg and microphone cord. I said, ‘Stop that you damn nigger!’ and that takes guts!

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

3. (不常用，及物，冒犯) 蔑視
   • 1997年1月18日，Joe Frisch，「Anglo-US relations under a Blair Government」, in uk.org.mensa‎^[11] (Usenet):

     The gated community is a powerful tool in the systematic and sustained niggering of local 3rd-world communities - namely, in the book, the Hispanic (mostly wetbacK^[sic]) community

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1999年12月3日，Jeff Welch，「Who is McGuyver and why was he "niggered?」, in seattle.general, December 3‎^[12] (Usenet):

     > He is on TV saying that he was "abused" by the police and treated like a nigger.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2003年7月16日，「Mob Attacks Palestinian Pollsters Who Told The Truth」, in soc.retirement (Usenet):

     Why would many Paletinians want to return to a land where they would be "niggered" for the benefit of the Israelis as the present Palestinian population is

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）