有教無類法案No Child Left Behind Act of 2001,Public Law 107-110),又譯為不讓任何孩子落後法案,簡稱為NCLB,是2002年1月8日由美國總統喬治·沃克·布希簽署的一項美國聯邦法律,該法案的措施的效力和願望仍在引起熱烈的辯論。

Quick Facts 全名, 縮寫(通俗) ...
2001年不讓任何孩子落後法案
美國國徽
全名通過責任感、靈活性和選擇來縮小成就差距,從而不讓任何孩子掉隊。
縮寫(通俗)NCLB
立法機構第107屆美國國會
引用文獻
公法107-110
法律彙編30 Stat. 750, 42 Stat. 108, 48 Stat. 986, 52 Stat. 781, 73 Stat. 4, 88 Stat. 2213, 102 Stat. 130 and 357, 107 Stat. 1510, 108 Stat. 154 and 223, 112 Stat. 3076, 113 Stat. 1323, 115 Stat. 1425 to 2094
法典編纂
修訂法令Adult Education and Family Literacy Act
Age Discrimination Act of 1975
Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellowship Act of 1994
Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Communications Act of 1934
Community Services Block Grant Act
Department of Education Organization Act
District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999
Education Amendments of 1972
Education Amendments of 1978
Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999
Education for Economic Security Act
Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
General Education Provisions Act
Goals 2000: Educate America Act
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1986
Higher Education Act of 1965
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Act
Internal Revenue Code of 1986
Johnson–O'Malley Act of 1934
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1997
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act of 1987
Museum and Library Services Act
National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977
National and Community Service Act of 1990
National Child Protection Act of 1993
National Education Statistics Act of 1994
National Environmental Education Act of 1990
Native American Languages Act
Public Law 88-210
Public Law 106-400
Refugee Education Assistance Act of 1980
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Safe Drinking Water Act
School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994
State Dependent Care Development Grants Act
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Tribally Controlled Schools Act of 1987
Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
Workforce Investment Act of 1998
修訂法編15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade
20 U.S.C.: Education
42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare
47 U.S.C.: Telegraphy
修訂章節美國法典第15編英語Title 15 of the United States Code第53之I章 §§ 2601–2629
美國法典第20編英語Title 20 of the United States Code第28章 § 1001 et seq.
美國法典第20編英語Title 20 of the United States Code第70章
美國法典第42編英語Title 42 of the United States Code第119章 § 11301 et seq.
美國法典第47編英語Title 47 of the United States Code第5之VI章 § 609
美國法典第47編英語Title 47 of the United States Code第5之II章 § 251 et seq.
美國法典第47編英語Title 47 of the United States Code第5之I章 § 151 et seq.
美國法典第47編英語Title 47 of the United States Code第5之II章 § 271 et seq.
立法歷程
  • 眾議院提案:[1]John Boehner (R-OH), March 22, 2001
  • 委員會審核:Education and the Workforce and Judiciary
  • 眾議院通過:May 23, 2001(384–45
  • 參議院通過:June 14, 2001(91–8
  • 協商委員會報告:December 13, 2001 眾議院同意通過: December 13, 2001(381–41參議院同意通過:December 18, 2001(87–10
  • 總統簽署生效:George W. Bush,January 8, 2002
主要修正案
Repealed on December 10, 2015
Close

教師品質

不讓任何孩子落後法案要求到2005-2006學年末,所有教師達到法案所定義的「非常合格」——完成州證明和執照。新教師必須滿足以下條件:

  • 至少擁有學士學位
  • 小學教師必須通過全州考試,證明其閱讀/語言藝術、寫作、數學等小學課程基礎領域的學科知識和教學技能。
  • 中學教師必須通過全州任教學科考試

其他教師必須擁有學士學位,並通過全州的學科知識和教學技能考試。這些要求引起了許多辯論,特別是對於特殊教育教師和小型鄉村學校的教師難以執行,他們常常要同時教許多年級和科目。更多信息參見美國教育部網站:教師品質指南頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館

學生考試

全國所有3-8年級學生每年必須接受各州政府的閱讀和數學統考。到2007-2008學年末,3–5、6–9、10-11年級將各進行一次理科統考。

公立學校擇校

也稱School of Choice,各學校必須在一學年內取得規定的進步,否則學生可以要求轉學。國會後來,大幅度增長投資,為學區提供資金,以執行法律的父母擇校需求。

聯邦政府教育立法

標準測驗的問題

資源分配不公

州教育預算

年度進步評估

NCLB在每年會對學校通過標準化測試的方法進行評估,這稱為Adequately Yearly Progress(AYP),無法通過這項評估的學校會收到各種強制補救措施,比方增加財政投入、加強教師培訓、學校託管甚至是關閉學校。

名稱由來

該法案名稱的最可能的來源是the liberal advocacy group Children's Defense Fund英語Children's Defense Fund(CDF)的格言,「不讓任何孩子落後。」("Leave No Child Behind.")這個CDF的座右銘本身最可能來源於美國陸軍遊騎兵的座右銘:「不讓任何一個人被落下。」("Leave No Man Behind.")

參考文獻

外部連結

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