{\displaystyle O'N} 、 R u {\displaystyle Ru} 和 L y {\displaystyle Ly} ,被称作贱民(英语:pariah group) (pariahs)。 截至目前,在散在单群的一个可行的统一表述方面,进展较为初步[來源請求]。 Gorenstein
International Affairs, 54(2), 2001, 349-373. Susan Willett. The Legacy of a Pariah State: South Africa's Arms Trade in the 1990s. Review of African Political
p. 77. Pfister, Roger. Apartheid South Africa and African States: From Pariah to Middle Power, 1962-1994. I.B.Tauris. 2005 [2015-03-26]. ISBN 978-1-85043-625-6
live: Kramatorsk strike death toll rises to 11; Biden says Putin is a ‘pariah’. 2023-06-28 [2023-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-30). Air Force reports 6 Iranian