Objectives, Main Features, Advantages of the Madrid System. 世界知识产权组织. [2014-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-25). 国际商标. Minder Law Group. [2017-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-29)
互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2018-10-04. (1996) RAPHAEL MINDER. Like Spain, Portugal Hopes to Make Cuts, but It Is Mired in Structural Weakness. The New York Times: Global Business