{\displaystyle R^{n}} 划分为两个半空间,半空间是具有以下形式的集合: { x | a T x ≤ b } {\displaystyle {\{x|a^{T}x\leq b\}}} 半空间是凸的,但不是仿射的。 StephenBoyd. Convex Optimization. : 27.
Geometric Programming. John Wiley and Sons. 1967: 278. ISBN 0-471-22370-0. Stephen P Boyd; Lieven Vandenberghe. Convex optimization. Cambridge University Press
Lemaréchal (bundle) and the textbooks by Ruszczyński and Boyd and Vandenberghe (interior point). Boyd, Stephen P.; Vandenberghe, Lieven. Convex Optimization (pdf)