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来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
研究 Unix,是一系列的Unix作業系統的通稱,由貝爾實驗室的計算機科學研究中心(Computing Science Research Center,部門編號1127)研發,因此得名,共有11個版本。這些Unix系統運行在DEC PDP-7,PDP-11,VAX,以及Interdata 7/32與8/32電腦上。
Manual Edition | Release date | Description |
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1st Edition | Nov. 3, 1971 | First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP-11 at the time. Includes the Thompson shell, mail, cp, and su. The operating system was two years old,[1] having been ported from the PDP-7 to the PDP-11/20 in 1970. |
2nd Edition | Jun. 12, 1972 | Total number of installations at the time was 10, "with more expected", according to the preface of the manual.[2]:ii Includes echo and the first C compiler.[1] |
3rd Edition | Feb. 1973 | Introduced the C programming language, pipes, crypt, and yacc. Commands are split between /bin and /usr/bin , requiring a search path[1] (/usr was the mountpoint for a second hard disk). Total number of installations was 16.
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4th Edition | Nov. 1973 | First version written in C. Also introduced groups, grep, and printf.[1] Number of installations was listed as "above 20". The manual was formatted with troff for the first time. Version described in Thompson and Ritchie's CACM paper,[3] the first public exposition of the operating system.[1] |
5th Edition | Jun. 1974 | Widely licensed to educational institutions.[4] Introduced find, dd,[1] and the sticky bit. Targeted the PDP-11/40 and other 11 models with 18 bit addresses. Installations "above 50". |
6th Edition | May 1975 | Includes ratfor and bc.[1] First version to be also licensed to commercial users,[4] and to be ported to non-PDP hardware. May 1977 saw the release of MINI-UNIX, a "cut down" v6 for the low-end PDP-11/10. |
7th Edition | Jan. 1979 | Includes the Bourne shell, cpio, sed, ioctl, awk, f77, spell, and stdio.[1] The ancestor of all modern UNIX systems and the last release of Research Unix to see widespread external distributions. Merged most of the utilities of PWB/UNIX with an extensively modified kernel with almost 80% more lines of code than V6. In February, a port called 32V was made to DEC's VAX hardware; 32V was the basis for 4BSD. |
8th Edition | Feb. 1985[來源請求] | A modified 4.1cBSD for the VAX, with a System V shell and sockets replaced by Streams. Used internally, and only licensed for educational use.[5] The Blit graphics terminal became the primary user interface.[1] Added a network filesystem that allowed accessing remote computers' files as /n/hostname/path , and a regular expression library that introduced an API later mimicked by Henry Spencer's reimplementation.[6] First version with no assembly in the documentation.[1]
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9th Edition | Sep. 1986 | Incorporated code from 4.3BSD; used internally. Featured a generalized version of the Streams IPC mechanism introduced in V8. The mount system call was extended to connect a stream to a file, the other end of which could be connected to a (user-level) program. This mechanism was used to implement network connection code in userspace.[7] Other innovations include make and Sam.[1] According to Dennis Ritchie, V9 and V10 were "conceptual": manuals existed, but no OS distributions "in complete and coherent form".[5] |
10th Edition | Oct. 1989 | Last Research Unix. Although the manual was published outside of AT&T by Saunders College Publishing,[8] there was no full distribution of the system itself.[5] Novelties included graphics typesetting tools designed to work with troff, a C interpreter, animation programs, and several tools later found in Plan 9: the Mk build tool and the rc shell. V10 was also the basis for Doug McIlroy and James A. Reeds' multilevel-secure operating system IX.[9] |