ISBN 978-1-4094-8747-0. (原始内容存档于2021-03-22). Islam: A Very Short Introduction, by MaliseRuthven, Oxford University Press, 2000. Spyros A. Sofos; Roza Tsagarousianou
Alfred翻译. Oxford University Press. 1955: 675–676. ISBN 9780196360348. Ruthven, Malise. Islam in the world. Oxford University. 2006: 52. ISBN 978-0-19-530503-6
1992, ISBN 0415062934 (英文)Hourani, Albert Habib; Hourani, Albert; Ruthven, Malise, A History of the Arab Peoples, Harvard University Press, 2002, ISBN 0674010175