S2CID 120236707, Zbl 1226.11096, doi:10.7169/facm/1229619660 LeonardAdleman(英语:LeonardAdleman) and Kevin McCurley, "Open Problems in Number Theoretic Complexity
http://people.csail.mit.edu/madhu/ST03/scribe/lect06.pdf (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) LeonardAdleman, Two theorems on random polynomial time, Proceedings of the Nineteenth