Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain

Rosa Menocal, "Ornament of the World • How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain", 2003. ISBN 0-316-56688-8.

CE, in addition to uprisings in Alexandria and Cyrene), xenophobia, and Jewish prerogatives and idiosyncrasies, were at the root of anti-Jewish feelings

they helped to build the great Jewish centers of Eastern Europe.  Peter B. Golden. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Otto Harrassowitz

Southwest." "The American Jewish Experience through the Nineteenth Century: Immigration and Acculturation" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Golden, Jonathan, and Jonathan

伊斯蘭黃金時代（英語：Islamic Golden Age），又稱伊斯蘭復興等，是伊斯蘭教歷史上科學、經濟和文化繁榮的時期，傳統上認定其發生時間約在8世紀至13世紀之間。 這段時期在傳統上被認為始於阿拔斯王朝哈里發哈倫·拉希德統治時期；當時，智慧之家落成，來自穆斯林世界各地的學者前往巴格達，將周邊地