Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain

Rosa Menocal, "Ornament of the World • How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain", 2003. ISBN 0-316-56688-8.

CE, in addition to uprisings in Alexandria and Cyrene), xenophobia, and Jewish prerogatives and idiosyncrasies, were at the root of anti-Jewish feelings

they helped to build the great Jewish centers of Eastern Europe.  Peter B. Golden. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Otto Harrassowitz

Southwest." "The American Jewish Experience through the Nineteenth Century: Immigration and Acculturation" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Golden, Jonathan, and Jonathan

伊斯蘭黃金時代（英語：Islamic Golden Age），又稱伊斯蘭復興等，是伊斯蘭教歷史上科學、經濟和文化繁榮的時期，傳統上認定其發生時間約在8世紀至13世紀之間。 這段時期被認為對歐洲文藝復興和現代科學的發展等有重大影響（參看伊斯蘭對中古歐洲的貢獻）。