EF手

EF手（英語：EF hand）是一種在鈣結合蛋白中發現的螺旋-環-螺旋結構域或結構基序。

EF手
重組的第四雙小核草履蟲（英語：Paramecium tetraurelia）鈣調蛋白結構[1]
鑑定
標誌	efhand
Pfam	PF00036（舊版）
InterPro（英語：InterPro）	IPR002048
PROSITE（英語：PROSITE）	PDOC00018
SCOP（英語：Structural Classification of Proteins）	1osa / SUPFAM
OPM（英語：Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database）蛋白	1djx
現有可用的蛋白結構： Pfam 結構（舊版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum（英語：PDBsum） 結構概要 PDB 1s6jA:375-402 1s6iA:375-403 1m39A:141-169 2a4jA:141-169 1oqpA:138-166 2bbnA:121-148 2bkhB:121-148 1mxeA:121-148 4cln :121-148 2bbmA:121-148 1cdmA:121-146 1lin :121-148 2bkiB:121-148 1oojA:121-148 1osa :121-148 1clm :121-147 1n0yB:121-148 1exrA:121-148 1rfjA:121-149 1ggzA:121-148 1ak8 :48-75 1sw8A:48-76 1j7oA:48-76 1f70A:48-76 1r2uA:56-84 1r6pA:56-84 1j1eA:56-84

EF手包括一個螺旋-環-螺旋拓撲結構，就像人類的手上拇指和食指，而Ca²⁺離子與其配體就位於環內。這一結構最早在小清蛋白（英語：parvalbumin）中發現，小清蛋白含有三個EF手結構，與鈣離子結合而造成的肌肉放鬆有關。

EF手包含兩個α螺旋，由一個短的（通常包括12個胺基酸）環狀區域連接，常用於結合鈣離子。EF手也出現在鈣調蛋白的所有結構域和肌肉蛋白質肌鈣蛋白C中。

鈣離子結合位點

分類

• 自從EF手結構模體在1973年被描繪以來，迄今為止該家族的蛋白質已擴展到至少66個亞家族。EF手結構基元可以分為Canonical EF-hands和Pseudo EF-hands 兩大類：

EF手蛋白家族的系統發育樹

亞族

• EPS15 homology (EH) domain – IPR000261

例子

人類基因組中，包含有EF手的蛋白質有：

• ACTN1（英語：ACTN1）、ACTN2、ACTN3、ACTN4（英語：ACTN4）、APBA2BP; AYTL1; AYTL2
• C14orf143; CABP1; CABP2; CABP3; CABP4; CABP5; CABP7; CALB1; CALB2; CALM2; CALM3; CALML3; CALML4; CALML5; CALML6; CALN1; CALU; CAPN1; CAPN11; CAPN2; CAPN3; CAPN9; CAPNS1; CAPNS2; CAPS; CAPS2; CAPSL; CBARA1; CETN1; CETN2; CETN3; CHP; CHP2; CIB1; CIB2; CIB3; CIB4; CRNN
• DGKA; DGKB; DGKG; DST; DUOX1; DUOX2
• EFCAB1; EFCAB2; EFCAB4A; EFCAB4B; EFCAB6; EFCBP1; EFCBP2; EFHA1; EFHA2; EFHB; EFHC1; EFHD1; EFHD2; EPS15; EPS15L1
• FKBP10; FKBP14; FKBP7; FKBP9; FKBP9L; FREQ; FSTL1; FSTL5
• GCA; GPD2; GUCA1A; GUCA1B; GUCA1C
• hippocalcin; HPCAL1; HPCAL4; HZGJ
• IFPS; ITSN1; ITSN2; KCNIP1; KCNIP2; KCNIP3; KCNIP4; KIAA1799
• LCP1
• MACF1; MRLC2; MRLC3; MST133; MYL1; MYL2; MYL5; MYL6B; MYL7; MYL9; MYLC2PL; MYLPF
• NCALD; NIN; NKD1; NKD2; NLP; NOX5; NUCB1; NUCB2
• OCM
• PDCD6; PEF1; PKD2; PLCD1; PLCD4; PLCH1; PLCH2; PLS1; PLS3; PP1187; PPEF1; PPEF2; PPP3R1; PPP3R2; PRKCSH; PVALB
• RAB11FIP3; RASEF; RASGRP; RASGRP1; RASGRP2; RASGRP3; RCN1; RCN2; RCN3; RCV1; RCVRN; REPS1; RHBDL3; RHOT1; RHOT2; RPTN; RYR2; RYR3
• S100A1; S100A11; S100A12; S100A6; S100A8; S100A9; S100B; S100G; S100Z; SCAMC-2; SCGN; SCN5A; SDF4; SLC25A12; SLC25A13; SLC25A23; SLC25A24; SLC25A25; SPATA21; SPTA1; SPTAN1; SRI
• TBC1D9; TBC1D9B; TCHH; TESC; TNNC1; TNNC2
• USP32
• VSNL1
• ZZEF1

另見

• 錨定結構域（英語：dockerin domain），另一種由α-螺旋組成的鈣結合結構基序。

參考文獻

1. Ban C, Ramakrishnan B, Ling KY, Kung C, Sundaralingam M. Structure of the recombinant Paramecium tetraurelia calmodulin at 1.68 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. January 1994, 50 (Pt 1): 50–63. PMID 15299476. doi:10.1107/S0907444993007991.

延伸閱讀

• Branden C, Tooze J. Chapter 2: Motifs of protein structure. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Pub. 1999: 24–25. ISBN 0-8153-2305-0.
• Nakayama S, Kretsinger RH. Evolution of the EF-hand family of proteins. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1994, 23: 473–507. PMID 7919790. doi:10.1146/annurev.bb.23.060194.002353.
• Zhou Y, Yang W, Kirberger M, Lee HW, Ayalasomayajula G, Yang JJ. Prediction of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins and analysis of bacterial EF-hand proteins. Proteins. November 2006, 65 (3): 643–55. PMID 16981205. doi:10.1002/prot.21139.
• Zhou Y, Frey TK, Yang JJ. Viral calciomics: interplays between Ca2+ and virus. Cell Calcium. July 2009, 46 (1): 1–17. PMID 19535138. doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2009.05.005.
• Nakayama S, Moncrief ND, Kretsinger RH. Evolution of EF-hand calcium-modulated proteins. II. Domains of several subfamilies have diverse evolutionary histories. J. Mol. Evol. May 1992, 34 (5): 416–48. PMID 1602495. doi:10.1007/BF00162998.
• Hogue CW, MacManus JP, Banville D, Szabo AG. Comparison of terbium (III) luminescence enhancement in mutants of EF hand calcium binding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. July 1992, 267 (19): 13340–7. PMID 1618836.
• Bairoch A, Cox JA. EF-hand motifs in inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C. FEBS Lett. September 1990, 269 (2): 454–6. PMID 2401372. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81214-9.
• Finn BE, Forsén S. The evolving model of calmodulin structure, function and activation. Structure. January 1995, 3 (1): 7–11. PMID 7743133. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00130-7.
• Stathopulos PB, Zheng L, Li GY, Plevin MJ, Ikura M. Structural and mechanistic insights into STIM1-mediated initiation of store-operated calcium entry. Cell. October 2008, 135 (1): 110–22. PMID 18854159. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.006.
• Nelson MR, Thulin E, Fagan PA, Forsén S, Chazin WJ. The EF-hand domain: a globally cooperative structural unit. Protein Sci. February 2002, 11 (2): 198–205. PMC 2373453 . PMID 11790829. doi:10.1110/ps.33302.

外部連結

• Nelson M, Chazin W. EF-Hand Calcium-Binding Proteins Data Library. Vanderbilt University. [2009-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2009-08-25）.
• Haiech J. EF-hand protein database (EF-handome). European Calcium Society and the Université Libre de Bruxelles. [2009-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2009-08-09）. upon request to [e-mail]
• Yang J. Calciomics. Georgia State University. [2009-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2009-10-12）. prediction server for EF-hand calcium binding proteins