動態HTMLDynamic HTML,簡稱DHTMLDHML)指的是網頁內容隨著使用者或電腦程式提供的參數而變化的HTML,通過結合HTML、使用者端手稿語言(Client Side Script,如JavaScript)、串接樣式表(CSS)和文件物件模型(DOM)來建立動態網頁內容。

動態HTML

應用

動態HTML技術根據執行地點,分為客戶端指令碼(也稱瀏覽器指令碼)和伺服器指令碼。

  1. 客戶端指令碼
    客戶端指令碼包括JavaScript技術。是指在某個頁面中,通過滑鼠點擊或鍵盤操作,與網頁產生互動動作;或者在特定時間激發某個事件。客戶端指令碼在使用者的電腦系統裡執行。常用於多媒體展示和遠端指令碼呼叫。
  2. 伺服器指令碼
    伺服器指令碼包括ASP, ColdFusion, Perl, PHP, Ruby, WebDNA等技術,一般通過Common Gateway Interface (CGI)來產生動態頁面。通過在HTML表單中填寫資料,更改URL位址中的參數,更改瀏覽器的類型等,每次都可能產生不同的頁面,稱之為動態頁面。

最常見的例子包括:

  • 產生互動式表單
  • 生成類似WebCT的e-learning互動式線上基礎培訓
  • 建立基於瀏覽器的電動遊戲

結構

一個典型的使用 DHTML 如下:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <title>DHTML example</title>
    <script type="text/javascript"> 
      function init() {
      myObj = document.getElementById("navigation");
      // .... more code
      }
      window.onload=init;
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="navigation"></div>
    <pre>
      Often the code is stored in an external file; this is done by linking the file that contains the JavaScript. 
      This is helpful when several pages use the same script:
    </pre>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="myjavascript.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

範例

範例如下:[1]

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 
      "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Test</title>
    <style type="text/css">
      h2 {background-color: lightblue; width: 100%}
      a {font-size: larger; background-color: goldenrod} 
      a:hover {background-color: gold}
      #example1 {display: none; margin: 3%; padding: 4%; background-color: limegreen}
    </style>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      function changeDisplayState (id) {
        d=document.getElementById("showhide");
        e=document.getElementById(id);
        if (e.style.display == 'none' || e.style.display == "") {
          e.style.display = 'block';
          d.innerHTML = 'Hide example..............';
        } else {
          e.style.display = 'none';
          d.innerHTML = 'Show example';
        }
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h2>How to use a DOM function</h2>
    <div><a id="showhide" href="javascript:changeDisplayState('example1')">Show example</a></div>
    <div id="example1">
      This is the example.
      (Additional information, which is only displayed on request)...
    </div>
    <div>The general text continues...</div>
  </body>
</html>

參考文獻

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