蟹守螺總科(學名:Cerithioidea,舊稱Cerithiacea),是腹足綱之下的一個超科,包括有200多個物種,廣泛生活於海洋、鹹淡水交界及淡水中。原屬中腹足目[2],今屬吸螺類(Sorbeoconcha)支序。另外,亦有分類將本總科提升至目級,稱為「Neotaenioglossa」,可譯作「新紐舌目」或「新帶舌目」。
本總科有[3]:
- 1092-1164 個現存物種
- 約 200 個現存的屬
- 合共 17 個現存的科
蟹守螺總科本身是一個分化程度很高的總科。其物種遍布全球,但主要生活於熱帶及亞熱帶多石的潮間帶海岸、長滿海草的海床及葉狀海藻的生長處。但亦偶爾在河口和淡水也有牠們的棲息地[4][2]。除了南極洲,其物種遍布各大洲。無論是紅樹林、河口灘塗、水流湍急的河流和波瀾不驚的湖泊,牠們都是主體的物種成員[4]。
本總科的化石紀錄最遠可以追遡至三疊紀早期[1][5],然後在白堊紀開始輻射四散[6]。
蟹守螺總科相信應該是單系群[7],但科與科之間的種系發生學關係仍然在研究中,主要是因為當中的粒線體重組DNA的排序沒有辦法解答這些問題。現時蟹守螺總科有約 1092-1164 個現存物種,約 200 個屬,合共 17 個科[3]。
根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,本分類包括下列各科[8]:
- 海蜷科(Batillariidae Thiele, 1929):又名灘棲螺科[9],單系群
- † Brachytrematidae Cossmann, 1906
- † Cassiopidae Beurlen, 1967
- 蟹守螺科(Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822):單系群
- 天螺科(Dialidae Kay, 1979)
- Diastomatidae Cossman, 1894
- † Eustomatidae Cossmann, 1906
- † Ladinulidae Bandel, 1992
- † Lanascalidae Bandel, 1992
- 糟糠螺科 Litiopidae Gray, 1847
- † Maoraxidae Bandel, Gründel, Maxwell, 2000
- Melanopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 - freshwater snails, polyphyletic
- † 後蟹守螺科(Metacerithiidae Cossmann, 1906)
- Modulidae P. Fischer, 1884
- Pachychilidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
- 沼蜷科 Paludomidae Stoliczka, 1868
- Pelycidiidae Ponder & Hall, 1983
- 芝麻螺科(Planaxidae Gray, 1850)[10]:又名平軸螺科[11]。
- 肋蜷科[2](Pleuroceridae P. Fischer, 1885 (1863)):淡水螺物種,多系群。
- † Popenellidae Bandel, 1992
- 匯螺科(Potamididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854):亦作Potamodidae[12]。單系群。
- † 前蟹守螺科(Procerithiidae) Cossmann, 1906[13][14]:但若銀足螺屬(Argyropeza)也劃歸本科,則本科不再只有化石物種[15]。
- † Prostyliferidae Bandel, 1992
- † Propupaspiridae Nützel, Pan & Erwin, 2002
- Scaliolidae Jousseaume, 1912:單系群,不包括擬蛹螺屬(Finella)[15][16][17]
- 蚯蚓螺科 Siliquariidae Anton, 1838
- † Terebrellidae Delpey, 1941 - not a valid name
- 跑螺科 Thiaridae Gill, 1871[2] (1823) - freshwater snails, polyphyletic
- 錐螺科 Turritellidae Lovén, 1847:單系群
(已滅絕物種以 † 符號表示。)
It is possible that a further detailed examination may show that the polyphyletic families Melanopsidae and Pleuroceridae are one family. There is also a close phylogenetic relationship between the families Modulidae and Potamididae and between the families Cerithiidae and Litiopidae.
Bandel (2006)[1]對蟹守螺總科作出多項重大轉變,當中包括把原來屬於總科的地位改為不分級的蟹守螺類支序(Cerithimorpha)[1]。
其他改變包括:
- family Bittiidae Cossmann, 1906:原是蟹守螺科之下的一個亞科Bittiinae,現時獲提升至科一級成為Bittiidae。
- family † Maturifusidae - moved to Cerithioidea from Hypsogastropoda
- family † Canterburyellidae - moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha
- family † Prisciphoridae - moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha
- family † Zardinellopsidae Bandel, 2006 - new family
- family Pachymelaniidae - considered as valid family. It was as synonym of Thiaridae.
- some Pyrguliferidae members (a synonym) are in Paludomidae and some are in Paramelaniidae[需要解釋] (instead of Thiaridae)
- family Paramelaniidae at family level (instead of a synonym of Paludomidae)
- and some moves to other taxa
2009年,肋蜷科旗下的短溝蜷亞科(Semisulcospirinae)獲Strong & Köhler (2009)提升為短溝蜷科(Semisulcospiridae)[18]。
蟹守螺總科包括下列各科[19][20]:
- 海蜷科 Batillariidae Thiele, 1929
- Brachytrematidae Cossmann, 1906 †
- Cassiopidae Beurlen, 1967 †
- 蟹守螺科 Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822
- 天螺科 Dialidae Kay, 1979
- Diastomatidae Cossmann, 1894
- Eustomatidae Cossmann, 1906 †
- Ladinulidae Bandel, 1992 †
- 糟糠螺科 Litiopidae Gray, 1847
- Maoraxidae Bandel, Gründel & Maxwell, 2000 †
- Melanopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Modulidae P. Fischer, 1884
- Pachychilidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
- Paludomidae Stoliczka, 1868
- Pelycidiidae Ponder & Hall, 1983
- Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917
- 芝麻螺科 Planaxidae Gray, 1850
- 肋蜷科 Pleuroceridae P. Fischer, 1885 (1863)
- Popenellidae Bandel, 1992 †
- 匯螺科 Potamididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Procerithiidae Cossmann, 1906 †
- Propupaspiridae Nützel, Pan & Erwin, 2002 †
- Prostyliferidae Bandel, 1992 †
- Scaliolidae Jousseaume, 1912
- 短溝蜷科 Semisulcospiridae Morrison, 1952
- 蚯蚓螺科 Siliquariidae Anton, 1838
- 跑螺科 Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823)
- 錐螺科 Turritellidae Lovén, 1847:單系群
以下分類單元被移往其他分類:
- Lanascalidae Bandel, 1992 †:今屬陀螺目陀螺總科
- 後蟹守螺科 Metacerithiidae Cossmann, 1906 †
Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511: 59-138. PDF[永久失效連結].
Healy, J. M.; Wells, F. E. Mollusca, The Southern Syntthesis.. Fauna of Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO publishing. : 707 pp. (英語).
Tracey S., Todd J. A. & Erwin D. H. (1993). The Fossil Record. London, Chapman & Hall. pages 131-167.
Houbrick R. S. (1988). "Prosobranch Phylogeny". Malacological Review, Supplement 4: 88-128.
Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
Bank R, Bouchet P, Gofas S. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 編. Cerithioidea J. Fleming, 1822. MolluscaBase. 2017-07-15 [2018-03-16] –透過WoRMS.
- Lydeard, C.; Holznagel, W. E.; Glaubrecht, M.; Ponder , W. F. Molecular Phylogeny of Circum-Global, Diverse Gastropod Superfamily (Cerithioidea: Mollusca : Caenogastropoda) - Pushing the Deepest Phylogenetic Limits of Mitochondrial LSU rDNA Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 22 (3): 399–406. PMID 11884164. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1072.