鏑(原子量:162.500(1))的同位素中有7個是存在於自然界的穩定同位素,分別是156Dy、158Dy和160Dy至164Dy。自然同位素中豐度最高的是比例為28%的164Dy,緊接著的是比例為26%的162Dy。豐度最低的是比例為0.06%的156Dy。[3]
Quick Facts 同位素, 衰變 ...
主要的鏑同位素
同位素
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衰變
|
|
豐度
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半衰期 (t1/2)
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方式
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能量 (MeV)
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產物
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154Dy
|
人造
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1.40×106 年[1]
|
α
|
2.945
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150Gd
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156Dy
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0.056%
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穩定,帶90粒中子
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158Dy
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0.095%
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穩定,帶92粒中子
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160Dy
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2.329%
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穩定,帶94粒中子
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161Dy
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18.889%
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穩定,帶95粒中子
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162Dy
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25.475%
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穩定,帶96粒中子
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163Dy
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24.896%
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穩定,帶97粒中子
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164Dy
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28.260%
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穩定,帶98粒中子
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165Dy
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人造
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2.332 小時
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β−
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1.286
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165Ho
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) | |
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Close
通過人工合成,科學家共發現了29種放射性同位素,其原子量在138和173之間。最穩定的是154Dy,其半衰期約為1.40×106年;接著是半衰期為144.4天的159Dy。最不穩定的是138Dy,其半衰期只有200毫秒。比穩定同位素輕的同位素主要進行β+衰變;除個別特例之外,更重的同位素主要進行β−衰變。154Dy主要進行α衰變,152Dy和159Dy則主要進行電子捕獲。[3]鏑擁有至少11種同核異構體(亞穩態),原子量在140和165之間。最穩定的是165mDy,其半衰期為1.257分鐘。149Dy有兩種亞穩態,第二種(149m2Dy)的半衰期只有28奈秒。[3]
164Dy是理論上最重的穩定同位素,任何更重的同位素,理論上都會進行α衰變,但是在鉛-208以下,絕大部分的同位素都尚未觀測到此衰變。[4]
More information 符號, Z ...
符號
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Z
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N
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同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2]
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半衰期 [n 1][n 2]
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衰變 方式[5]
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衰變 產物 [n 3][n 4]
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原子核 自旋[n 1]
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相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[n 2]
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相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率)
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激發能量[n 2]
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138Dy
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66
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72
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137.96249(64)#
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200# ms
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|
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0+
|
|
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139Dy
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66
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73
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138.95954(54)#
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600(200) ms
|
|
|
7/2+#
|
|
|
140Dy
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66
|
74
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139.95401(54)#
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700# ms
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β+
|
140Tb
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0+
|
|
|
140mDy
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2166.1(5) keV
|
7.0(5) µs
|
|
|
(8-)
|
|
|
141Dy
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66
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75
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140.95135(32)#
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0.9(2) s
|
β+
|
141Tb
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(9/2-)
|
|
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β+, p (不常見)
|
140Gd
|
142Dy
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66
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76
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141.94637(39)#
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2.3(3) s
|
β+ (99.94%)
|
142Tb
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0+
|
|
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β+, p (.06%)
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141Gd
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143Dy
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66
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77
|
142.94383(21)#
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5.6(10) s
|
β+
|
143Tb
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(1/2+)
|
|
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β+, p (不常見)
|
142Gd
|
143mDy
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310.7(6) keV
|
3.0(3) s
|
|
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(11/2-)
|
|
|
144Dy
|
66
|
78
|
143.93925(3)
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9.1(4) s
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β+
|
144Tb
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0+
|
|
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β+, p (不常見)
|
143Gd
|
145Dy
|
66
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79
|
144.93743(5)
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9.5(10) s
|
β+
|
145Tb
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(1/2+)
|
|
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β+, p (不常見)
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144Gd
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145mDy
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118.2(2) keV
|
14.1(7) s
|
β+
|
145Tb
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(11/2-)
|
|
|
146Dy
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66
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80
|
145.932845(29)
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33.2(7) s
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β+
|
146Tb
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0+
|
|
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146mDy
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2935.7(6) keV
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150(20) ms
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IT
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146Dy
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(10+)#
|
|
|
147Dy
|
66
|
81
|
146.931092(21)
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40(10) s
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β+ (99.95%)
|
147Tb
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1/2+
|
|
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β+, p (.05%)
|
146Tb
|
147m1Dy
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750.5(4) keV
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55(1) s
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β+ (65%)
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147Tb
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11/2-
|
|
|
IT (35%)
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147Dy
|
147m2Dy
|
3407.2(8) keV
|
0.40(1) µs
|
|
|
(27/2-)
|
|
|
148Dy
|
66
|
82
|
147.927150(11)
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3.3(2) min
|
β+
|
148Tb
|
0+
|
|
|
149Dy
|
66
|
83
|
148.927305(9)
|
4.20(14) min
|
β+
|
149Tb
|
7/2(-)
|
|
|
149mDy
|
2661.1(4) keV
|
490(15) ms
|
IT (99.3%)
|
149Dy
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(27/2-)
|
|
|
β+ (.7%)
|
149Tb
|
150Dy
|
66
|
84
|
149.925585(5)
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7.17(5) min
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β+ (64%)
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150Tb
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0+
|
|
|
α (36%)
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146Gd
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151Dy
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66
|
85
|
150.926185(4)
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17.9(3) min
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β+ (94.4%)
|
151Tb
|
7/2(-)
|
|
|
α (5.6%)
|
147Gd
|
152Dy
|
66
|
86
|
151.924718(6)
|
2.38(2) h
|
ε (99.9%)
|
152Tb
|
0+
|
|
|
α (.1%)
|
148Gd
|
153Dy
|
66
|
87
|
152.925765(5)
|
6.4(1) h
|
β+ (99.99%)
|
153Tb
|
7/2(-)
|
|
|
α (.00939%)
|
149Gd
|
154Dy
|
66
|
88
|
153.924424(8)
|
3.0(15)×106 a
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α
|
150Gd
|
0+
|
|
|
155Dy
|
66
|
89
|
154.925754(13)
|
9.9(2) h
|
β+
|
155Tb
|
3/2-
|
|
|
155mDy
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234.33(3) keV
|
6(1) µs
|
|
|
11/2-
|
|
|
156Dy
|
66
|
90
|
155.924283(7)
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觀測上穩定[n 5]
|
0+
|
5.6(3)×10−4
|
|
157Dy
|
66
|
91
|
156.925466(7)
|
8.14(4) h
|
β+
|
157Tb
|
3/2-
|
|
|
157m1Dy
|
161.99(3) keV
|
1.3(2) µs
|
|
|
9/2+
|
|
|
157m2Dy
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199.38(7) keV
|
21.6(16) ms
|
IT
|
157Dy
|
11/2-
|
|
|
158Dy
|
66
|
92
|
157.924409(4)
|
觀測上穩定[n 6]
|
0+
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9.5(3)×10−4
|
|
159Dy
|
66
|
93
|
158.9257392(29)
|
144.4(2) d
|
ε
|
159Tb
|
3/2-
|
|
|
159mDy
|
352.77(14) keV
|
122(3) µs
|
|
|
11/2-
|
|
|
160Dy
|
66
|
94
|
159.9251975(27)
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觀測上穩定[n 7]
|
0+
|
0.02329(18)
|
|
161Dy
|
66
|
95
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160.9269334(27)
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觀測上穩定[n 8]
|
5/2+
|
0.18889(42)
|
|
162Dy
|
66
|
96
|
161.9267984(27)
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觀測上穩定[n 9]
|
0+
|
0.25475(36)
|
|
163Dy
|
66
|
97
|
162.9287312(27)
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穩定[n 10][6]
|
5/2-
|
0.24896(42)
|
|
164Dy
|
66
|
98
|
163.9291748(27)
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穩定
|
0+
|
0.28260(54)
|
|
165Dy
|
66
|
99
|
164.9317033(27)
|
2.334(1) h
|
β−
|
165Ho
|
7/2+
|
|
|
165mDy
|
108.160(3) keV
|
1.257(6) min
|
IT (97.76%)
|
165Dy
|
1/2-
|
|
|
β− (2.24%)
|
165Ho
|
166Dy
|
66
|
100
|
165.9328067(28)
|
81.6(1) h
|
β−
|
166Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
167Dy
|
66
|
101
|
166.93566(6)
|
6.20(8) min
|
β−
|
167Ho
|
(1/2-)
|
|
|
168Dy
|
66
|
102
|
167.93713(15)
|
8.7(3) min
|
β−
|
168Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
169Dy
|
66
|
103
|
168.94031(32)
|
39(8) s
|
β−
|
169Ho
|
(5/2-)
|
|
|
170Dy
|
66
|
104
|
169.94239(21)#
|
30# s
|
β−
|
170Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
171Dy
|
66
|
105
|
170.94620(32)#
|
6# s
|
β−
|
171Ho
|
7/2-#
|
|
|
172Dy
|
66
|
106
|
171.94876(43)#
|
3# s
|
β−
|
172Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
173Dy
|
66
|
107
|
172.95300(54)#
|
2# s
|
β−
|
173Ho
|
9/2+#
|
|
|
Close
畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
Believed to undergo α decay to 152Gd or β+β+ decay to 156Gd with a half-life over 1018 years
Believed to undergo α decay to 154Gd or β+β+ decay to 158Gd
Believed to undergo α decay to 156Gd
Believed to undergo α decay to 157Gd
Believed to undergo α decay to 158Gd
Can undergo [[Beta_decay#Bound-state_β−_decay|bound-state β− decay]] to 163Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully ionized
Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea. High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154. Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2022-05-28, 12 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6.
Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V.I. Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays. Eur. Phys. J. A. August 2019, 55: 140. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2.
存档副本. [2015-09-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-19).
M. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 69, 2164 (1992) First observation of bound-state beta minus decay.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.