在數學和理論物理學中,諾特第二定理把作用量泛函的對稱性與微分方程系統聯繫起來。 [1][2]物理系統的作用量S是所謂的拉格朗日函數L的積分,從作用量出發,可以通過最小作用量原理確定系統的行為。
具體地,該定理是說,如果一個作用量有由 k 個任意函數與它最高到m階的導數線性參數化的無窮小對稱性的無限維李代數,則L的泛函導數滿足一個包含k個方程的微分方程系統。
諾特第二定理可以用在規範理論中。規範理論是所有現代物理學場論的基本要素,例如通行的標準模型。
該定理以艾美·諾特的命名。
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Noether, Emmy, Invariante Variationsprobleme, Nachr. D. König. Gesellsch. D. Wiss. Zu Göttingen, Math-phys. Klasse, 1918, 1918: 235–257 [2021-09-29], (原始內容存檔於2022-03-16)