蒲松氏比(英語:Poisson's ratio),又譯蒲松比,以法國科學家蒲松命名,是材料力學和彈性力學中的名詞,定義為材料受拉伸或壓縮力時,材料會發生變形,而其橫向應變與縱向應變的比值,是一無因次量的物理量。 材料的蒲松氏比定義了橫向應變(x 方向)與軸向應變(y 方向)的比值。 當材料在一個方向被壓縮,它會在與該方向垂直的另外兩個方向伸長,這就是蒲松現象,蒲松比是用來反映蒲松現象的無因次量的物理量。蒲松比一般是正值,表示在一方向拉伸後,在其他方向收縮。不過也存在蒲松比為零(在一方向拉伸後,在其他方向的尺寸不變),其至為負的材料(在一方向拉伸後,在其他方向的尺寸膨脹,拉脹材料),由能量法計算可得蒲松比的範圍是(-1,0.5]。[1] 在均勻等向性材料中,剪切模數G、楊氏模數E 和蒲松比 ν {\displaystyle \nu } 三個量中只有兩個是獨立的,它們之間存在以下關係: G = E 2 ( 1 + ν ) {\displaystyle G={\frac {E}{2(1+\nu )}}} [1]Nana Ho. 柚子帽是真的!BMW 參考柚子皮結構做防護配件,保護性能提升 20%. 科技新報. 2017-10-04 [2019-08-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-07). 彈性力學 胡克定律 脈衝激振法(英語:Impulse excitation technique) 正交各向異性(英語:Orthotropic material) 剪切模數 楊氏模數 熱脹冷縮More information , ... 換算公式 均質各向同性線彈性材料具有獨特的彈性性質,因此知道彈性模數中的任意兩種,就可由下列換算公式求出其他所有的彈性模數。 ( λ , G ) {\displaystyle (\lambda ,\,G)} ( E , G ) {\displaystyle (E,\,G)} ( K , λ ) {\displaystyle (K,\,\lambda )} ( K , G ) {\displaystyle (K,\,G)} ( λ , ν ) {\displaystyle (\lambda ,\,\nu )} ( G , ν ) {\displaystyle (G,\,\nu )} ( E , ν ) {\displaystyle (E,\,\nu )} ( K , ν ) {\displaystyle (K,\,\nu )} ( K , E ) {\displaystyle (K,\,E)} ( M , G ) {\displaystyle (M,\,G)} K = {\displaystyle K=\,} λ + 2 G 3 {\displaystyle \lambda +{\tfrac {2G}{3}}} E G 3 ( 3 G − E ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {EG}{3(3G-E)}}} λ ( 1 + ν ) 3 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1+\nu )}{3\nu }}} 2 G ( 1 + ν ) 3 ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G(1+\nu )}{3(1-2\nu )}}} E 3 ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E}{3(1-2\nu )}}} M − 4 G 3 {\displaystyle M-{\tfrac {4G}{3}}} E = {\displaystyle E=\,} G ( 3 λ + 2 G ) λ + G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(3\lambda +2G)}{\lambda +G}}} 9 K ( K − λ ) 3 K − λ {\displaystyle {\tfrac {9K(K-\lambda )}{3K-\lambda }}} 9 K G 3 K + G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {9KG}{3K+G}}} λ ( 1 + ν ) ( 1 − 2 ν ) ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1+\nu )(1-2\nu )}{\nu }}} 2 G ( 1 + ν ) {\displaystyle 2G(1+\nu )\,} 3 K ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle 3K(1-2\nu )\,} G ( 3 M − 4 G ) M − G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(3M-4G)}{M-G}}} λ = {\displaystyle \lambda =\,} G ( E − 2 G ) 3 G − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(E-2G)}{3G-E}}} K − 2 G 3 {\displaystyle K-{\tfrac {2G}{3}}} 2 G ν 1 − 2 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G\nu }{1-2\nu }}} E ν ( 1 + ν ) ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E\nu }{(1+\nu )(1-2\nu )}}} 3 K ν 1 + ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K\nu }{1+\nu }}} 3 K ( 3 K − E ) 9 K − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(3K-E)}{9K-E}}} M − 2 G {\displaystyle M-2G\,} G = {\displaystyle G=\,} 3 ( K − λ ) 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3(K-\lambda )}{2}}} λ ( 1 − 2 ν ) 2 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1-2\nu )}{2\nu }}} E 2 ( 1 + ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E}{2(1+\nu )}}} 3 K ( 1 − 2 ν ) 2 ( 1 + ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(1-2\nu )}{2(1+\nu )}}} 3 K E 9 K − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3KE}{9K-E}}} ν = {\displaystyle \nu =\,} λ 2 ( λ + G ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda }{2(\lambda +G)}}} E 2 G − 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E}{2G}}-1} λ 3 K − λ {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda }{3K-\lambda }}} 3 K − 2 G 2 ( 3 K + G ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K-2G}{2(3K+G)}}} 3 K − E 6 K {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K-E}{6K}}} M − 2 G 2 M − 2 G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {M-2G}{2M-2G}}} M = {\displaystyle M=\,} λ + 2 G {\displaystyle \lambda +2G\,} G ( 4 G − E ) 3 G − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(4G-E)}{3G-E}}} 3 K − 2 λ {\displaystyle 3K-2\lambda \,} K + 4 G 3 {\displaystyle K+{\tfrac {4G}{3}}} λ ( 1 − ν ) ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1-\nu )}{\nu }}} 2 G ( 1 − ν ) 1 − 2 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G(1-\nu )}{1-2\nu }}} E ( 1 − ν ) ( 1 + ν ) ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E(1-\nu )}{(1+\nu )(1-2\nu )}}} 3 K ( 1 − ν ) 1 + ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(1-\nu )}{1+\nu }}} 3 K ( 3 K + E ) 9 K − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(3K+E)}{9K-E}}} CloseWikiwand in your browser!Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.Wikiwand for ChromeWikiwand for EdgeWikiwand for Firefox
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.