葫蘆巴(學名:Trigonella foenum-graecum),又稱雲香草、香草、苦草、苦豆、苦朵菜、香苜蓿或香豆子等,為一年生豆科蝶形花亞科葫蘆巴屬的一種植物,其種子是調味料和中藥;不僅是一種蔬菜,也是一種藥材。
葫蘆巴為一年生草本植物,株高35至85厘米,全株有香氣。莖直立多叢生。三出羽狀複葉互生,小葉長卵形或卵狀披針形。4月至5月開花,花1-2朵,腋生無梗;蝶形白色花冠(漸變淡黃色),基部微紫色。5月至6月結細長扁圓筒狀莢果,直或稍彎曲,前端具長喙,內有棕黃色種子10-20粒,矩圓形。
用途
在印度烹飪中,烘烤後磨成粉的葫蘆巴種子是一種常見調味料,被用在咖喱和含蔬菜和豆類的菜中。新鮮的葫蘆巴葉子也被作為蔬菜來食用。在中國新疆和甘肅,人們通常把香豆子葉子曬乾後磨成綠色的粉末,並在做花卷和發麵餅時加入用來調色增香。
中醫認為葫蘆巴種子性味苦溫,入腎肝經。用來治療腎虛、陽痿、脫髮,胃寒痛等疾病。也可作為鬆弛劑、腸道潤滑劑和降低發燒的溫度,有助於降低膽固醇和血糖的含量,藉由減少黏液來幫助氣喘及鼻竇炎。含有的適量雌性激素可以促進乳汁分泌,可以增大乳房,對眼睛、發炎和肺病有益。在國外被稱為神奇的種子。
外部連結
- 胡蘆巴 Huluba (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) 藥用植物圖像資料庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) (中文)(英文)
- 胡蘆巴 中藥材圖像資料庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) (中文)(英文)
參考資料
- [1]行政院衛生署中醫藥委員會 中藥資訊網[永久失效連結]
- [2]Acharya S, Srichamroen A, Basu S, Ooraikul B and Basu T. Improvement in the nutraceutical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. (2006) 28: 1-9.
- [3]Bin-Hafeez B, Haque R, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed L and Raisuddin S. Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. International Immunopharmacology (2003) 3: 257-265.
- [4]Ramesh HP, Yamaki K and Tsushida T. Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) galactomannan fractions on phagocytosis in rat macrophages and on proliferation and IgM secretion in HB4C5 cells. Carbohydrate Polymers (2002) 50: 79-83.
- [5]Zia T, Hasnain SN and Hasan SK. Evaluation of the oral hypoglycaemic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (methi) in normal mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2001) 75: 191-195.
- [6]Hannan JMA, Rokeya B, Faruque O, Nahar N, Mosihuzzaman M, Azad-Khan AK and Ali L. Effect of soluble dietary fibre fraction of Trigonella foenum graecum on glycemic, insulinemic, lipidemic and platelet aggregation status of Type 2 diabetic model rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2003) 88: 73-77.
- [7]Stark A and Madar Z. The effect of an ethanol extract derived from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on bile acid absorption and cholesterol levels in rats. British Journal of Nutrition (1993) 69: 277-287.
- [8]Sur P, Das M, Gomes A, Vedasiromoni JR, Sahu NP, Banerjee S, Sharma RM and Ganguly DK. Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed extract as an antineoplastic agent. Phytotherapy Research (2001) 15: 257-259.
- [9]Pandian RS, Anuradha CV and Viswanathan P. Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2002) 81: 393-397.
- [10]原思通,醫用中藥飲片學( 2001 ),中華人民共和國人民衛生出版社。
延伸閱讀
[編]
- 《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·胡盧巴部》,出自陳夢雷《古今圖書集成》
- 《植物名實圖考·胡盧巴》,出自吳其濬《植物名實圖考》
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.